Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mitra petani ikan nila di Desa Coppo tompong, Pangkep adalah biaya operasional pakan komersial tinggi, padahal pakan pellet komersial merupakan input produksi budidaya yang sangat menentukan tingkat pertumbuhan ikan.  Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi petani mitra adalah pembuatan pakan sederhana dengan memanfaatkan bahan baku yang ada di lingkungan sekitar petani.  Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan petani dalam memproduksi pakan buatan murah. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan terdiri atas penyuluhan non teknis, penyuluhan teknis, kegiatan demonstrasi/praktik dan pendampingan.  Kegiatan penyuluhan non teknis dilakukan untuk membuka wawasan kelompok tani tentang pentingnya pemberian pakan pada pemelihara ikan nila.  Selain itu juga diharapkan peningkatan motivasi kerja serta pentingnya menumbuh-kembangkan minat berwirausahaan.  Penyuluhan teknis terdiri atas pemilihan bahan baku pakan; menghitung kebutuhan bahan baku; penepungan; penimbangan; pencampuran pakan; pelleting pakan; penjemuran pakan; dan uji pakan secara fisik, kimia dan biologi.  Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan maka disimpulkan bahwa petani dapat menerima inovasi, mampu mempersiapkan bahan baku beserta sarana pendukung pembuatan pakan dan mampu melakukan pembuatan pakan murah.

Parasitic infections are often not the direct cause of death of fish but the presence of wounds in the fish's body due to parasitic attacks is a trigger factor for secondary infection. Secondary infections can be caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses, which ultimately cause the death of fish. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of parasites and fungi that infected eel (Anguilla sp.) in the waters of Poso, Buol, Toli-toli and Donggala, Central Sulawesi as an important part of the diagnosis of fish disease in the framework of teraupetic strategies. Eel were taken as many as 30 individuals / location for observation of parasites and fungi. Parasitological examination was carried out for external and internal parasites on the mucous layer of the body, gills, intestines and stomach, while fungal isolations were carried out on muscles, skin and tissues that have abnormalities. After identification, the prevalence and intensity were carried out. The results showed that the highest prevalence of parasites were Camallanus sp (70%), Proteacephalus sp (50%) and Gyrodactylus sp (40%), and the nematode Camallanus sp the tapeworm Proteocephalus sp had the highest intensity of 57.5 and 30.8 respectively. Fungal prevalence were found highest in Saprolegnia sp (36%), and Fusarium sp (32%).

The presence of pathogenic bacteria in food is considered as a primary cause of food-borne illness and food quality deterioration worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of five essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. In the current study Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella) and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus were isolated from raw milk and biochemically characterized. The anti-bacterial effect of different antibiotics and EOs (thyme, oregano, lemongrass, mint, and rosemary) was determined using the standard disc diffusion method. The antibiogram study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin while Staphylococcus was resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin. Moderate resistance was observed to doxycycline, amikacin, enrofloxacin, kanamycin and cefixime. Isolates were found less resistant to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. EOs showed a broad range of antimicrobial activity against all bacteria except P. aeruginosa. Of these, thyme was more effective against most of the multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and formed the largest zone of inhibition (26 mm) against Escherichia followed by oregano oil (18 mm) against Staphylococcus (p<0.05). Klebsiella spp and Citrobacter spp showed resistance to mint and lemongrass oil respectively. The EOs such as lemongrass, mint and rosemary were less active against all the bacteria. The findings of the recent study suggest the use of EOs as natural antibacterial agents for food preservation.

Diagnosis Tuberculosis (TB) can establish by microscopic examination of acid-resistant bacilli in the patient's sputum. Sputum quality greatly affects the diagnosis of TB, but the sputum collected by patients at community health centers sometimes does not meet the sputum quality requirements. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of sputum anytime and outset sputum on acid-resistant bacilli examination, from volume, color and viscosity parameters. The type of research used is descriptive observational. Respondents were suspected TB patients at the Marabahan and Aluh-aluh Public Health Centers of South Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Sputum samples taken were sputum anytime the first and outset sputum. The variables in this study are volume, color, and viscosity of sputum. The coloring of acid-resistant bacilli method Ziehl Nielsen. The results of the acid-resistant bacilli examination on sputum (86 specimens) found positive one (13%), positive three (2%), negative (85%). In morning sputum (86 specimens) found positive one (14%), positive three (2%), negative (84%). Sputum quality when with the good category as much as 36% and the quality of morning sputum with the good category as much as 55%. Conclusion Sputum outset has better quality than sputum at the anytime.

Due to extensive application of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, antimicrobial resistance has been increased. To overcome this challenge, rumen microbiologists search for new probiotics to improve the rate of livestock production. The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate breed-specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential animal probiotics. The current study was conducted during 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, in which a total of n=12 strains were isolated from different samples including milk, rumen, and feces of Nilli Ravi Buffaloes. These isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against common animal pathogens (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). All the isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses inferred that these strains showed close relations to the species of various genera; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis, and Lactococcus lactis. NMCC-Ru2 has exhibited the enormous potential of antimicrobial activity, 28 mm, for Salmonella typhimurium;23 mm for Listeria monocytogenes 21 mm for E.coil. Highest resistance was seen in NMCC-Ru2 agasint test antbiotic, like 25.5 mm for Tetracycline. Overall results revesl that the probiotic profile of isolates was achieved using standard criteria, particularly with animal probiotic properties

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of synbiotic (prebiotic alginate and probiotic bacteria Micrococcus spp) on the immune responses, growth performance, and bacterial resistance of freshwater crayfish. The experimental diets were formulated in three levels of synbiotic: the probiotic bacteria Micrococcus spp+100 mg/L alginate (Syn100), Micrococcus spp+200 mg/L alginate (Syn200), Micrococcus spp+300 mg/L alginate (Syn300), each level was mixed with tested feed. The basal diet (without synbiotics) served as the control diet. During 40 days of rearing, immune responses observations were conducted every 10 days, while the crayfish weight were recorded on day 40. Furthermore, the challenge test was performed against the pathogenic bacteria of A. hydrophila and reared for a week. The result showed that synbiotics treatment of Syn300 and Syn200 could improve the immune response and increased the growth rate (P<0.05). Both were also heavier than the Syn100 treatment. The highest resistance to A. hydrophila pathogenic bacteria by demonstrating a higher survival rate was Syn300 and followed by Syn200 (70.00 ± 0% and 73.33 ± 5.77%, respectively), compared to Syn100 (56.67 ± 3.33%) and the control (33.33 ± 3.33%). The synbiotic Micrococcus spp. combined with alginate potentially induced immune responses, increased growth performance, and improved bacterial pathogens resistance, making it an ideal synbiotic to be developed. Keywords: synbiotic, prebiotic, probiotic, Sargassum sp., alginate, brown algae  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan sinbiotik (prebiotik alginat dan probiotik Micrococcus spp) terhadap respons imun,  performa pertumbuhan dan resistensi lobster air tawar. Tiga perlakuan sinbiotik yaitu Micrococcus spp+100 mg/L alginat (Syn100), Micrococcus spp+200 mg/L alginat (Syn200), Micrococcus spp+300 mg/L alginat (Syn300), masing-masing dicampurkan ke dalam pakan dan diberikan ke lobster. Pakan tanpa campuran prebiotik digunakan sebagai pakan kontrol. Selama 40 hari pemeliharaan, pengamatan respon imun dilakukan setiap 10 hari dan pada hari ke-40 pemeliharaan dilakukan pengukuran bobot lobster. Selanjutnya, lobster di uji tantang dengan bakteri A. hydrophila dan dipelihara kembali selama satu minggu.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang mengandung sinbiotik Syn300 dan Syn200 dapat meningkatkan respon imun dan pertumbuhan (P<0.05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan Syn100, sementara bobot tubuh terendah didapat pada perlakuan kontrol. Resistensi lobster tertinggi terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila yang ditunjukkan dengan sintasan tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan Syn300 (70.00±0.00%) dan Syn200 (73.33±5.77%) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan Syn100 (56.67±3.33%) dan kontrol (33.33±3.33%). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa sinbiotik Micrococcus spp. yang dikombinasikan dengan alginat dapat menginduksi respons imun, meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan ,dan resistensi terhadap patogen sehingga merupakan sinbiotik yang ideal untuk dikembangkan. Kata kunci : sinbiotik, prebiotik, probiotik, Sargassum sp., alginat, alga coklat

Learning Civics in the Junior High School 2 Salam  Babaris generally still delivered by lecture and question and answer, the teacher-centered learning is that students tend to be passive. This problem is one of the factors that lead to a lack of critical thinking ability of students to the problems that are facing today, where students always want to be successful in the achievement but do not want the business or in other words to learn, so much replay value of the unfinished or under KKM (KKM: 70). The research objective was to determine the application of problem-based learning model to increase students' critical thinking subjects Citizenship Education (Civics) classes IX B  in SMP Negeri 2 Salam Babaris in 2012.The research method used in the study of this class action is a method of qualitative analysis, which essentially emphasizes the depiction of business any matters related to improving students' critical thinking skills in depth. In qualitative analysis, the researcher emphasizes the deepening of the subject matter especially on critical thinking skills of students in Civics subject, so that can be identified and analyzed the problems that arise and then held reflection to look for alternative solutions. The research process began in September 2012 until October 2012, the number of samples of 29 people from class IX B.The results showed that: (1) students' critical thinking skills class IX B SMP Negeri 2 Greeting Babaris for using problem-based learning model increases, (2) response class IX Bstudents of SMP Negeri 2 Salam Babaris regards to the use of problem-based learning model showed that students pleased to learn Civics.    Keywords: Critical Thinking Skills, Problem-Based Learning Model (PBM), Civics.AbstrakBelajar kewarganegaraan di SMP 2 Salam Babaris umumnya masih disampaikan oleh kuliah dan pertanyaan dan jawaban, berpusat pada guru belajar adalah bahwa peserta didik cenderung pasif. Masalah ini adalah salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kurangnya kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik untuk masalah-masalah yang dihadapi saat ini, dimana peserta didik selalu ingin menjadi sukses dalam pencapaian tetapi tidak ingin bisnis atau dengan kata lain untuk belajar , begitu banyak replay nilai belum selesai atau di bawah KKM (KKM: 70). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah untuk peningkatan peserta didik berpikir kritis subyek pendidikan kewarganegaraan (Pancasila) kelas B IX di SMP Negeri 2 Salam Babaris pada tahun 2012. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah metode analisis secara kualitatif, yang pada dasarnya menekankan penggambaran bisnis hal-hal terkait dengan meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik secara mendalam. Dalam analisis secara kualitatif, peneliti menekankan pendalaman materi subjek terutama pada keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam subjek kewarganegaraan, agar dapat diidentifikasi dan menganalisa masalah-masalah yang timbul dan kemudian diselenggarakan refleksi untuk mencari solusi alternatif. Proses penelitian dimulai pada bulan September 2012 hingga Oktober 2012, jumlah sampel dari 29 orang dari kelas IX B. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) mahapeserta didik keterampilan berpikir kritis kelas IX B SMP Negeri 2 salam Babaris untuk menggunakan berbasis masalah belajar model meningkat, (2) respon kelas IX Bstudents dari SMP Negeri 2 Salam Babaris salam untuk penggunaan pembelajaran berbasis masalah model ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik senang belajar kewarganegaraan.   Kata kunci: Keterampilan berpikir kritis, berbasis masalah belajar Model (PBM), Pancasila.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1). Reliabilitas instrumen supervisi daring yang digunakan kepala sekolah untuk mengukur kinerja guru (2). Kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran daring, (3). Korelasi usia dan masa kerja dengan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran daring (4). Perbedaan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran daring jika ditinjau dari jenis kelamin, pangkat-golongan, dan jenjang pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan metode korelasional dan komparatif, dengan sampel sebanyak 47 orang guru SMPN-6 Palangka Raya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi luring dan daring. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi, uji-t, dan analisis variansi satu jalur. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan (1). Instrumen supervisi daring yang digunakan kepala sekolah merupakan instrumen yang reliabel karena hasil pengukurannya berkorelasi positif dan signifikans sebesar 0,71 dengan hasil supervisi luring sebelum pandemi. (2). Kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran daring berada pada kategori baik dan sangat baik, (3). Usia dan masa kerja guru tidak berkorelasi dengan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran daring. (4). Jenjang pendidikan dan pangkat guru, merupakan faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran daring, sedangkan faktor jenis kelamin, bukan merupakan faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan kinerja guru. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah perlunya perumusan kebijakan pembinaan guru berdasarkan pangkat dan jenjang pendidikan, sehingga kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran daring dapat ditingkatkan.