Objective of the present study was to translate and cross language validate the Passionate Love Scale (PLS) from English language to Urdu language using forward-back translation (Brislin, 1976) procedure. It is developed by Hatfield and Sprecher (1986). It has 15 self-reported and uni-dimensional items, with 9 points rating scale ranges from 1 = not at all true to 9 = definitely true. Results showed high level of Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient α = 0.90, test retest reliability ranged from r = .73 to r = .96 (ps < .01), item total correlation varying from r = .50 to r = .74 (ps < .01) and factor loading ranged from .39 to .73. Item difficulty was determined through the Rasch scaling analysis and construct validity of the Urdu PLS secured the same one-dimensional factor structure of the English PLS by retaining 15 items. It showed that the Urdu PLS is reliable and valid tool to measure the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of passionate love in Pakistani cultural context. Implications of the study were also discussed.
Introduction: Persistently dealing with chronic mental illness makes the caregiverssuffer from burden and mental health problems which are intensified if the caregiver is female.Therefore, there is need to improve the mental health of caregivers by using relaxation trainingin such a way that would reduce the burden of care in caregivers. Objectives: It is assumedthat female caregivers would be differing significantly in mental health problems as comparedto man. Relaxation training would improve mental health as compared to controlling the actualcondition. High burden would have inverse relationship with GHQ’s differential scores. Therewould be significant interaction between gender and burden, gender and training, burden andtraining, gender, burden and training. Study Design: A 2(Gender) X 2(Burden) X 2(Training)mixed factorial between subject design was used. Setting & Period: This study was conductedwithin 6 months of duration at the department of Psychiatry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore.Material & methods: Purposive Sample technique was used. Sample consisted of 40 womenand 40 men out door patient’s caregivers of schizophrenia and epilepsy at Sir Ganga RamHospital, Lahore. Their age ranged from 20 to 60 years (M = 35.05, SD = 0.89). We assessedcaregiver’s burden by using Urdu version of Burden of Assessment (BAS) along with BAS, wealso recorded demographic information about the caregivers and assessed patients whomthey served on ICD-10 and clinical diagnoses for schizophrenia and epilepsy. Inherent to thestudy was a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) which measured health of all caregivers fromdifferent dimensions. It included somatic, anxiety & insomnia, social dysfunction, depressionand psychological health of all caregivers. Compliant with a number of researchers, we designa training program to alleviate caregivers burden of health coping strategies, safeguard fromunfounded options about the patients and the disease and maximize the efficiency in dealingwith the patient and his/her disease. Results: Results found significant main effects on genderas women suffered from high burden and mental health problems as compared to men. Asame significant main effect was also found for burden which increased health-related issues.Another significant main effect was found on training. The experimental group whom researcherprovided relaxation training was significantly low on GHQ differential score as compared tocontrolled condition. Since we divided caregivers into high and low burden groups we foundthat general health of high burden group are more porn to degradation than low burden group.However, low health indicated on GHQ subscales is improved after training for both highand low burden group. Conclusions: We concluded that caregivers need to get substantialunderstanding of the patients disease and they need to get first-hand knowledge and trainingof what they are getting into when they are looking after diseased patients.
Objectives of the present study were to translate and validate the Revised Adult Attachment scale -RAAS (Collins, 1996) from English language to Urdu language by using Brislin (1976) forward-back translation procedure and committee approach. Convenient sampling technique was used. Age ranges of the participants were varying from 19 to 25 years (M = 20.63, SD = 1.21). Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of Urdu RAAS was found α = .88. Results of cross language validation indicates highly significant positive relationship ranges varying from r = .24 (p < .001) to r = .66 (p < .001). Inter-item total correlation ranged from r = .62 (p < .001) to r = .34 (p < .001). Factor loading were from .28 to .68. Item number 1, 2 and 4 was deleted by the confirmatory factor analysis as it showed <.2 factor loading. Finial Urdu translated version of RAAS was consisted of 15 items instead of 18. It was concluded that the Urdu translated version of RAAS is a reliable and valid tool to measure the attachment patterns of Pakistani adults. Implications of the study were discussed in cultural context.
Objectives of the present study were to find out the relationship among the composite scores of temperament, attachment and perception of romantic love among adults in Lahore, Pakistan. Urdu translated version of the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire-Compact (Trofimova, 2010), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins, 1996), and the Perception of Romantic Love Scale (Anjum & Batool) was administered on the N = 500 participants (was justified and calculated online through A-prior sample size (Soper, 2016) with the age range of 19 to 60 (M = 20.06, SD = 5.63). Results showed highly significant positive relationship among the composite scores of temperament, attachment and perception of romantic love. Findings also revealed that the temperament, attachment, education, and the experience of romantic love were the significant predictors of perception of romantic love. Implications of the study were discussed in the cultural context of Lahore, Pakistan.
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