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The flexural behaviour of a new generation composite sandwich beams made up of glass fibre reinforced polymer skins and modified phenolic core material was investigated. The composite sandwich beams were subjected to 4-point static bending test to determine their strength and failure mechanisms in the flatwise and the edgewise positions. The results of the experimental investigation showed that the composite sandwich beams tested in the edgewise position failed at a higher load with less deflection compared to specimens tested in the flatwise position. Under flexural loading, the composite sandwich beams in the edgewise position failed due to progressive failure of the skin while failure in the flatwise position is in a brittle manner due to either shear failure of the core or compressive failure of the skin followed by debonding between the skin and the core. The results of the analytical predictions and numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.

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25In the last decade, noncorrosive glass fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) bars have become more 26 widely accepted as cost-effective alternatives to steel bars in many applications for concrete 27 structures (bridges, parking garages, and water tanks). Also, these reinforcing bars are valuable

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3Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sandwich systems as primary load-bearing elements are 4 relatively new concepts in lightweight civil infrastructure. These systems offer a combination 5 of light weight, high strength, thermal insulation for some types, and service-life benefits. 6Recent developments and applications have demonstrated that these composite systems have 7 emerged as a cost-effective alternative, especially when each material component is 8 appropriately designed. Still, some issues and challenges need to be addressed if FRP systems 9 are to gain widespread use in civil infrastructure. This paper provides an overview of the state-10 of-the-art research, development, and applications of FRP sandwich systems. It also identifies 11 the challenges and future opportunities for the broad use of these advanced systems in civil 12 engineering and construction. 13

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