ABSTRACT. The combined use of monitoring wells and geophysical techniques constitutes the form most adequate for identification and the monitoring contaminated areas. This procedure allows the location of wells and monitoring in strategically points, optimizing the results and minimizing costs. The Electromagnetic Inductive Method (EMI) presents ample possibilities of application in environmental studies due the facility in the acquisition of data, versatility of the equipment in field and the possibility of scanning in the ample areas in short time. This paper realizes a comparative analysis of EMI data collected in 1992 and 2003. The studied place is an industrial area that presents contamination the soil and groundwater for Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, 1,2 dichloroethene, Sodium and Chloride, product of the infiltration of effluent chemistries directly of the ground. The results indicate accented attenuation of the contaminant plume, with probable reduction in the contamination degree.The composites of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) had presented superior trend of horizontal, concomitant migration to the movement of the groundwater.The composites of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) had more presented an accented trend of migration in the vertical direction, possibly due to absence of impermeable surfaces. The inorganics composites had followed the flow of composites of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), what in turn it allowed the characterization of the contamination plume as a conductive body in relation to the adjacent areas.Keywords: plume of contamination, NAPL, natural attenuation, electromagnetic inductive, organochloride.RESUMO. O uso combinado de poços de amostragem e técnicas geofísicas constitui a maneira mais adequada para identificação e o monitoramento deáreas contaminadas. Este procedimento permite a locação de poços de amostragem e de monitoramento em pontos estratégicos, otimizando resultados e minimizando gastos.O método geofísico Eletromagnético Indutivo (EM) apresenta amplas possibilidades de aplicação em estudos ambientais devidoà facilidade na aquisição de dados, versatilidade do equipamento em campo e a possibilidade de varredura de grandesáreas num curto espaço de tempo. Este trabalho realiza uma análise comparativa de dados EM obtidos no ano de 1992 e em 2003. O local estudadoé umaárea industrial que apresenta contaminação do solo eágua subterrânea por Benzeno, Tolueno, Xileno, 1,2 dicloroetano, Sódio e Cloreto, produto da infiltração de efluentes químicos diretamente do solo. Os resultados indicam uma acentuada atenuação da pluma contaminante, com provável redução no grau de contaminação. Os compostos de fase leve (LNAPLs) apresentaram maior tendência de migração horizontal, concomitante ao movimento daágua subterrânea. Os compostos de fase densa (DNAPLs) apresentaram uma tendência mais acentuada de migração no sentido vertical, possivelmente devidoà ausência de superfícies impermeáveis. Os compostos inorgânicos acompanharam o fluxo dos compostos de fase líquida não aq...
This article presents a case study of fuel underground contamination where the geophysical method was applied to support for decision making regarding environmental management activities. The application of geophysical methods that measure electrical resistivity in the study of contaminated areas and their correlations with organic contaminants are discussed, in addition to the presentation of theoretical and practical aspects of Capacitive Resistivity (CR) method. The importance of this work is based on the evaluation of the potential for identification of free phase of organic contaminant by the capacitive method and the assessment of the effectiveness of the remediation implemented through the geophysical data obtained. The method applied was able to identify the highest electrical resistivities related to fuel in the subsurface and indicated the inefficiency of the current remediation by the inadequate positioning of the extraction wells and the inaccuracies in the monitoring of underground contamination and allowed the proposition of recommendations related to management of the case based on geophysical information. From results, it is concluded that the Capacitive Resistivity method can be applied in similar cases of leaks in gas stations to diagnose contamination and to guide the adoption of more appropriate actions of environmental management.
Esse estudo realizou uma revisão de literatura sobre a presença de metais-traço em zona não saturada em solos de cemitério. A maioria dos cemitérios existentes foram instalados sem pensar sobre os potenciais riscos para o meio ambiente local ou da comunidade.Produtos químicos tóxicos podem ser lançados nas águas subterrâneas; esses produtos incluem substâncias que foram usadas noembalsamamento, bem como vernizes, seladores, conservantes e metais das alças dos caixões, além de adereços usados em caixões de madeira. Foram inclusos, na revisão, estudos publicados nos últimos 30 anos. Os resultados sugerema necessidade demonitoramento da poluição, a fim de garantir que as fontesde água ao redordos cemitérios não estejam em perigodevido à liberaçãode metais pesadostóxicos comorestos humanose outros materiais em decomposição. Concluiu-se que os níveis mais altos demetais traçoem cemitérios são influenciados pela naturezados enterros, tipo de materiais utilizadose pela geologialocal.
This article presents the concepts related to the definition of Environmental Geophysics and its applications, referring more specifically to the geophysical methods applied to studies of underground contamination. The relationship of the methodology discussed here with the assumptions of contaminated areas management of CETESB is presented, as well as the national norm and the international guides for application of Geophysics in environmental investigations, in addition to a brief description of the most appropriate geophysical methods. Also, a table of the different contaminants and their physical properties is presented as the most decisive factors for the selection of the applicable geophysical methods. At the end, real cases of soil and groundwater contamination are presented where all the geophysical methods described here were successfully applied in the environmental diagnosis of the impacted site.
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