This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice towards breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) among 387 (302 females and 85 males) educated Iraqis affiliated to 2 Iraqi universities. The participants were categorized into 3 occupations: student (71.3%), teaching staff (10.3%) and administrative staff (18.3%). About half of the participants had a low knowledge score (< 50%); only 14.3% were graded as "Good" and above. Almost 75% of the participants believed that the best way to control breast cancer was through early detection and other possible preventive measures. Most participants (90.9%) had heard of BSE, the main source of information being television. However, only 48.3% practised BSE; the most common reason for not doing so was lack of knowledge of how to perform the technique correctly. Almost 84% of the female participants were willing to instruct others in the technique of BSE. Unit, Baghdad Medical College, Baghdad, Iraq (Correspondence to N.A.S. Alwan: nadalwan@yahoo.com). Les résultats de près de la moitié des participants étaient faibles en termes de connaissances (< 50 %) : seuls 14,3 % ont obtenu des résultats « satisfaisants » ou supérieurs. Près de 75 % des participants pensaient que la meilleure méthode pour lutter contre le cancer du sein était une détection précoce et l'adoption d'autres mesures préventives. La majorité des participants (90,9 %) avaient entendu parler de l'autoexamen des seins, la télévision étant leur principale source d'information. Toutefois, seules 48,3 % des femmes pratiquaient l'auto-examen des seins ; la raison invoquée le plus fréquemment était l'absence de connaissances permettant d'utiliser la technique correctement. Près de 84 % des participantes étaient volontaires pour former les autres à la technique de l'auto-examen des seins. Breast Cancer Research

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the performance statue on physical and psychological problems related to chemotherapy among patients with cancer and find out the relationship between study findings and selected variables Methodology: A study conducted descriptive on one hundred of cancer patients under chemotherapy collected in Outpatient Clinic of the Oncology Imamen Al-Kazemin Hospital during period of June to September 2016. The study utilized the questionnaire about performance, physical and psychological problems related to chemotherapy among patients with cancer: Results: Fatigue, hair loss, metallic taste in mouth, Sore mouth, appetite loss, nausea, and vomiting were the most commonly experienced and most debilitating and severity physical symptoms. Approximately less than half of participants had borderline or clinical levels of anxiety and depression. Although relatively performance grade range (0-1) levels were91% of patient s activity ranged between full active and some restricted. finally, there is significant differences between performance status to their physical &psychological problems at P value 0.001. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS, version 22. Conclusions: The study showed the presence of physical and psychological problems for patients with cancer and its relationship with the state of performance of activities and adherence to that sample. Recommendation: The study recommended to promoting public health educational programs to elevate the level of awareness regarding the necessity to support patients complaining of cancer in Iraq.

Objectives: The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on nurses knowledge concerning side effect of radiotherapy Methodology: Quiz experimental study was carried out at Al Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management in 4th, November 2013 to 29th August, 2014. The program and instruments were constructed by the researcher for the purpose of the study. Purposive random sample comprised of (60) nurses was divided into two groups, study group consisted of (30) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted of (30) nurses were not exposed to the program. The measurement of effectiveness of nursing educational program through the nurses knowledge questionnaire includes (30) items concerning side effect of radiotherapy. Reliability of instrument was determined and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The analysis of the data was used descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, the arithmetic mean and standard deviations relative sufficiently) and statistical inferential (T-Test, Fisher Test, Chi Square) In order to find the differences between the experimental group and the control group. Results: The study findings indicated that, there were highly significant differences between study and control groups and also between pre and posttests in case group in overall main domains related to nurses knowledge concerning side effect of radiotherapy of cancer patients treatment. Conclusion: The study concluded that the effectiveness of educational program regarding nurses knowledge concerning side effect of radiotherapy is a positive. Recommendation: Intensive studies to provide nursing intervention for cancer patients under radiotherapy and an education program should be conducted of nurse's practice toward side effect of radiotherapy.

Objectives: The study aims to identify the nurses knowledge toward skin care for patients undergo radiotherapy breast cancer Methodology: Seventy nurses were selected to achieve the objectives of the study. The study was conducted during Feb./2014 at Al –Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management in Baghdad City. The questionnaire consists of two parts first part: included demographic characteristics of the nurses and the second part: included clauses relating to the knowledge of nurses about skin care to patients undergoing radiation therapy consisted of (20) items .Data were analyzed by using Frequency, percentage and chi-squared test. Results: The study results showed that most of nurses Knowledge was range between low (40٪) and moderate (45.7٪) and there were significant differences between nurse’s knowledge and nurse’s variables age, level of education, years of experience in radiotherapy unit and number of training sessions at (p <0.05) Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the nurse’s knowledge is insufficient about skin care for patients undergoing radiotherapy of breast cancer. Recommendation: It is recommended increase the researcher to focus on the nurses knowledge about skin care for patients undergoing radiotherapy of breast cancer and to identify the symptoms of the side effects of radiation therapy and prevention.