Eighteen women with hepatic cirrhosis were examined for plasma levels of testosterone, estrone, estradiol, progesterone and sex hormone binding globulin. For eight who were amenorrheic, with advanced liver cirrhosis and ascites, the reduction of testosterone and rise in estrone and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were significant. Plasma extradiol and progesterone were lower than normal levels, but the differences were not statistically significant. The other ten patients were menstruating (mostly irregularly), and their hormonal levels were assessed in different states of their cycles. All of them did not ovulate, had low levels of plasma progesterone and also showed consistent estrone concentration excess relative to estradiol and significant lowering of testosterone and elevation of sex hormone binding globulin. These findings are compared with previous reports on males with liver cirrhosis.
Breast cancer is one of the most important leading causes of cancer deathin the less developed countries.The identification of markers that could assist in diagnosis, evaluation of therapeutic response, detection of recurrence and metastasis is a useful tool. The present study is undertaken to provide insights about the role of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), extracellular matrix metalloproteinase protein inducer (EMMPRIN), cancer antigen (CA) 15-3 in diagnosis and/or prognosis of breast cancer, evaluate the possible correlations between these biomarkers and the clinico-pathological status of breast cancer and compare between validity of these biomarkers with tumor marker (CA 15-3). A total of 75 women whose ages ranged between 30 to70 years and 10 healthy controls with matched age and sex were included. The patients were divided into 4 groups, group I:
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.