Aim: Morocco has implemented several strategies and rules for saving biodiversity and safeguarding natural and territorial riches in protected regions since the release of the Vizier Decree on January 19, 1942. Within this context, the UNESCO MAB designation encourages creativity in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. However, its goal of reconciling protection and resource management in order to generate territorial and sustainable development possibilities has been criticised. This article focuses on the deficiencies of local population involvement in the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve in preserving the forest environment, as well as the role of innovations brought about by the UNESCO MAB label commitment in this reserve rich in remarkable biodiversity and threatened endemic resources. Methodology: This research is founded on the results of fieldwork conducted as part of the Erasmus + EduBioMed Project. This work was carried out through a documented study of MAB programmes and strategies, as well as the clash of advances introduced by the latter with the actuality of the field of ABR. Findings: According to this study, the majority of social, economic, and territorial innovations coming from the use of the UNESCO MAB label have led to significant changes in local communities. However, the impacts are more concentrated in regions where the actors have a stronger presence. Implications/Novel Contribution: The qualitative results of the study are crucial for understanding the reality of RBA who is a specific territory concerning the various forms of innovation brought about by the UNESCO MAB label.
Tourism is facing one of the biggest crises of all time due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This crisis faced by territories in general and tourist destinations, in particular, requires in-depth studies and special interest from researchers and policymakers. For this reason, this study aims to determine the challenges faced by tourism actors in the ancient Medina of Marrakech during the COVID-19 health crisis. To do so, we adopted a quantitativequalitative method that allowed us to explore the ield better. We used semi-structured interviews with decisionmakers in the tourism sector at the national, regional, and central levels and a two-phase questionnaire sent to tourism operators in the Medina of Marrakech. The irst phase was conducted remotely during the lockdown, and the second in February 2022. The analysis of the responses shows signiicant losses of income and employment. Thus, the main reactivation strategies adopted by tourism professionals. The analysis also shows that the management of the health crisis was characterized by centralization and monopolization of power at the central level and that there was no change in the roles of the traditional state. The said management of the crisis is, above all, part of top-down governance limited to particular protagonists, both at the national and local levels, which represents a challenge for territorial governance, given that local realities are hardly the same at the national or territorial level.
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