Piled raft foundations usually supporting bridge piers, offshore platforms, marine structures and others are required to resist not only static loading, but also lateral cyclic loading that developed from different sources of loadings. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of spacing and cross-sectional shape of pile on the behavior of laterally loaded piled raft models (1×2), (2×1), and (2×2) having a length to diameter ratio (L/D=40) with the spacing to diameter ratio(S/D) of 3, 5, and 7 embedded in layered soil with partially saturated clay soil. The results indicated that the increase in the lateral resistance in the group of square piles compared to a circular pile under pure loading conditions within the group 1 × 2, 2 × 1 and 2 × 2 are about 16%, 20% and 23% respectively. In addition, the results show that the increase in pile spacing lead to decrease lateral displacement under the same periodic load applied. The performance of all models improved using S/D=7 due to reduce the interaction of pile-soil-pile in the group.
This investigation deals mainly with thermal stability and crosslinking density of EPDM/newsprint microfibers composites. The recycled newsprint microfibers were treated using a different ratio of acrylic styrene emulsion (5, 10, and 15 wt% fiber) as a bonding agent to reinforce EPDM rubber matrix. The effect of microfibers content, namely, 5 up to 50 phr (part per hundred part of rubber) and the effect of ionizing radiation on EPDM/newsprint microfibers composites properties were investigated. The microfibers structure and EPDM/microfibers composite were investigated using X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis; the results indicate that bonding has occurred between the treated newsprint microfibers and EPDM polymer matrix. EPDM/untreated newsprint microfibers composites have achieved higher crosslinking density than EPDM matrix up to 50 phr microfibers content and up to 100 kGy then decreased with increasing gamma irradiation dose.
The work includes an experimental analysis was performed to determine the impact of several variables on the behavior of laterally loaded piled raft model (2×2) having a ratio of length to diameter (L/D=40) and a diameter spacing (S / D) ratio of 3, 5 and 7 at frequency (0.2) Hz embedded in layered soil. The results are submitted as load-deflection curves and bending moment profiles. The effects of degree of saturation, number of cycles, level of cyclic loads, and the location of piles in a row are studied in this work. The results illustrated that increasing degree of saturation for clay soil (mid-layer) decreasing the lateral resistance of this model by about (25%, 31%, and 39%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively and bending moment by about (7%, 15%, and 17%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively. The piles in the front rows resist the soil with its full capacity, while in the trailing rows (i.e back) the shadowing effect tends to cause a reduction in soil resistance. The results clarified that maximum bending moment for trailing row less than the leading row by about 7%. The presence of vertical loads lead to an improvement in the lateral resistance of the model with dry clay soil about (28%, 26% and 12%) for S/D=3, 5, and7 respectively, whereas the increase in the horizontal resistance of the model with partially saturated clay soil about (40%, 45%, and 44%) for S/D=3, 5, and 7 respectively, compared with the absence of vertical loads.
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Analytics (BDA) has brought about a revolution in Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). In particular, it has enabled the optimization of many aspects of the supply chain (SC), including transportation, inventory management, and customer service. The application of BDA in IoT-enabled GSCM is receiving a lot of attention because it has the capacity to assist businesses become more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable to make more informed decisions. By identifying the inefficiencies in the supply chain and take corrective action. With the advent of the IoT, businesses are now able to get a great deal of information from sensors that are installed in different parts of their SC, including transportation vehicles, warehouses, and factories. This data can be leveraged for a variety of purposes, including optimizing the SC for sustainability and reducing its environmental impact. There are also challenges associated with BDA in IoT-enabled GSCM. The volume of data that needs to be processed presents the biggest obstacles. This requires specialized tools and expertise in data management and analytics. Despite these difficulties, technology has the power to completely alter how firms conduct their operations. This paper presents an overview about BDA in IoT-enabled GSCM. The review highlights the benefits and challenges in adopting BDA in IoT-enabled GSCM, the key technologies involved, and the various applications of BDA in IoT-GSCM. Finally, provides insights into the future directions of research in this area.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.