Numerous studies have been carried out on studying the effect of glass fiber and ZrO 2 Nanoparticles alone on the mechanical properties of PMMA, to date, no investigations were made that have studied the mechanical properties of PMMA reinforced with glass fiber and zirconium oxide together as a hybrid composite.In this research the effect of addition of glass fibers (woven and chopped) and Zirconium oxide Nano-particles (ZrO 2 ) with different weight percent to the conventional poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been evaluated.The conventional acrylic resin was used as 2:1 powder to liquid ratio to prepare pure sample, laminate composite prepared by using woven glass fiber (8wt%, 12wt%), fiber-reinforced composite fabricated by chopped glass fiber (8wt%, 12wt%), particle-reinforced composite prepared by using ZrO 2 Nano-powder (1, 2, 3) wt%, and the hybrid composite fabricated by using glass fiber as woven or chopped of the two form with ZrO 2 Nano-particles.The flexural strength (F.S.) was measured by using three point-bending test. The mechanical test done in order to compare the flexural strength between pure and composite samples. The form of glass fiber with the same weight percent affects the mechanical properties values. Reinforcing PMMA with woven glass fiber and zirconium oxide increase flexural strength, while incorporation of chopped glass fiber decrease the flexural strength. Using the two materials together as a hybrid composite recorded very high raises of flexural strength values. From the results, it's possible to syntheses a denture base resin with good aesthetic and high mechanical properties from fiber and ZrO 2 Nano-particles.
Excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability achieved when porous bioceramics have highsurface area that providing fast bone ingrowth. Porous samples were fabricated by using biphasic calcium phosphate BCP (achieved from HA heat treated at 850 oC) with 10 and 20 wt% of ovalbumin binder powder and mixture of carrot fibers and ovalbumin powders (1:1) then dried at 60oC and fired at 1300 oC. Structural, physical and mechanical properties of the prepared porous bioceramic were determined involved X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent solid density and compressive strength. The results of X-ray and FTIR showed that the heat treatment of HA was succeeded in forming biphasic calcium phosphate. The apparent porosity values increased with increasing of the binder and carrot fibers content and the growths density of bacteria on bioceramics are less than natural bone. The effect of pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas & Staphylococcus) that cause pollution on porous calcium phosphate and natural bone (Albino mice) has been studied.
Stainless steel 316L (SS316L) as a significant bio-material, their wires were used to support the PMMA matrix. Two simple and low-cost surface pretreatments for SS316L wires were performed to enhance denture impact strength: mechanical scratching (treating SS316L wires with SiC powder inside a rotating container) and electrochemical anodizing. Three mechanical scratching samples for different periods of 60, 90 and 120min were prepared. Anodizing technique conditions were: Ethylene glycol with perchloric acid as an anodizing solution, 15V supplying and graphite rod as an anode. Anodizing process involved three pretreating periods of 15, 20, and 30min. All the prepared samples had dimensions of 65 × 10 × 3 mm. SEM technique showed different morphology nature involved holes, scratches and pores with a density of 104/μm2 and a crack length of 60μm. The PMMA reinforced with scratched stainless steel 316L wire surface for 120 min presented the highest impact strength value (42 kJ/m2) with (450.91%) increment. Anodizing samples showed a fluctuating behavior of samples with enhancing in the impact strength of anodizing wire for 20min of about 26.99 kJ/m2, which is still lower than that for scratched samples in average.
The purpose of this research is to increase the mechanical properties (impact and flexural strength) of acrylic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin by incorporated treated and coated woven carbon fiber (WCF). To increase the roughness of fibers, WCF treated with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), (C7H7NO2) at 3 different concentration treatments (0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 M). In order to make the samples appears with good aesthetic and bonding, WCF was coated with β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powder with (0.08, 0.10, and 0.12) weight fraction (wi) in addition of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at 0.01 wi, respectively. After 10 days of water storage at room temperature, the specimens have been tested via using the Charpy effect measuring system and three-point bending tests. The mechanism of interfacial interaction between β-TCP and woven carbon fibers was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Based on the obtained results, when specimens contained treated and uncoated woven carbon fiber with a high concentration of (PABA), the impact and flexural strength were higher than pure sample but have a bad aesthetic. Further, (PMMA) reinforced with coated and treated woven carbon fiber as hybrid composites recorded very high raises in the mechanical properties when the concentration of (PABA) and (β-TCP) was increased, with a good aesthetic.
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