To explore endodontic procedural errors committed by undergraduate dental students in King Khalid University (KKU), Abha and AlFarabi dental college, Riyadh. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed to 500 dental students from both schools and of both genders in the 5th and 6th levels in the academic year 2016-2017. Participants were asked to record their endodontic procedural error(s) that had occurred during training. Results: Returned and eligible questionnaires were 469 (93.8% response rate) and were almost equally distributed by university (KKU and Alfarabi). The participants' age ranged from 22 to 24 years, and approximately 47% of them were female students and 65% were 6th level students. Almost 56% of the sample reported at least one endodontic procedural error during their training. Female students reported errors (65%) more frequently than the male students (49%; P=0.002). Up to 54% of these errors were in the posterior teeth and 65% were in teeth with curved roots. Most common error during access cavity preparation was gouging (68%) and due to instrumentation was ledge formation (47%), during obturation was voids (41%). There were no differences in the reported endodontic errors between the two universities. Conclusion: The frequency of reported endodontic procedural errors by senior dental students in both schools, more specifically those in the 6th year, is high. Ledge formation and voids in the root canal filling are the most frequently reported endodontic errors.
Background: In today’s world of digital dentistry, dental photography plays an important role as multilevel significance and represents the synonym of contemporary dentistry. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the acquaintance of practice, opportunity and morals of dental photography in everyday practice among undergraduate dental students. Design and Methods: The current research was an observational cross-sectional study. Total 233 students participated; each was given questionnaire consisted of three parts covering the following aspects: questions 1 to 3 on the practice of dental photography, questions 4 to 7 on morals in dental photography and question 8 to 11 on opportunities of dental photography. The answers were tabulated and statistically analysed and association with the factors were tested for significance using Chi-square tests, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The total response rate was 86%. Among the 201 respondents, 100 were males and 101 females; 96% male students were taking photographs and 93% females were taking photographs, on regular basis. Phone cameras (41.3%) were the most commonly used device followed by DSLR cameras. Surveyed students mentioned patient education (53.2%) as most needed requirement for taking photographs, followed by treatment planning (49.8%) and monitoring of the treatment outcome (34.3%). Ninety-one percent of students feel that there is an opportunity for advancement in dental photography techniques. Conclusions: The participants aware of dental photography, but they require detail insight on proper capturing of photographs and morals, with regards to confidentiality of the patient and patient consent.
Objective:Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth are scarce. The present study aims at examining the diffusion of calcium hydroxide in vitro by recording the pH changes of retreated root canal using two types of calcium hydroxide preparations.Materials and Methods:A total of 45 recently extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars were collected and cleaned from calculus and remains of periodontal tissue. The teeth so collected were stored in thymol 10% solution till use. During collection, teeth with cracks, open apices, and restorations were excluded. Root canal preparations were performed using Protaper rotary system files, till #F3 file. All canals were obturated using cold lateral condensation and zinc oxide-based sealer. After 7 days, all gutta-percha were removed and the canals were irrigated with normal saline. The teeth were then randomly distributed into three groups. Canals in Group I were kept empty without any dressing to serve as a negative control group, Canals in Group II were filled with a freshly prepared mixture of calcium hydroxide powder with normal saline solution, and Group III was filled with Metapex. Periodically, the calcium hydroxide material was removed and the pH was measured using pH meter at 7, 10, 14, and 30 days.Results:The pH values of Group II and III ranged between 9.2 and 11.2. This was found to be highly significant against the negative control group. After 7 and 10 days, freshly mixed Ca(OH)2 showed the higher pH than the creamy Metapex, and statistically the difference was highly significant after 10 days (P<0.001). After 14 days, Metapex group pH was higher than freshly mixed Ca(OH)2, but it was not statistically significant as they reached nearly the same pH after 30 days (P>0.05).Conclusion:All Ca(OH)2 preparations had high pH around the roots after 7 and 10 days. Metapex continued to have higher pH after 14 days.
Introduction: Various types of oral hygiene measures have been practiced by different populations around the world, as there is difference in the oral hygiene products including toothpicks and toothpowders. Miswak or tooth cleaning stick, for mechanical tooth cleaning, can be traced back at least to pre-Islamic times. Currently, many of the world populations still use chewing sticks as the single method for tooth brushing. The present study was done to study the incidence and prevalence of caries among Miswak and non-Miswak users. Materials and methods: The study was done consisting of 120 cases and 120 control group (60 boys and 60 girls in each group) from the secondary school. The materials used were light, explorer, mirror, gloves, upper and lower teeth models, Miswak, and common toothbrush. After the recording of the primary data, Miswak was given to case group and the students were trained to use it on the teeth models. After 2 years, the examination of the teeth was done using the same method as before start of the study and by the same investigators. All the data were recorded, tabulated, and analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 17 using Student's t-test. Results: From the 240 participants, only 211 had continued the study for the total period of time. Out of these, 111 were from the study group and 100 from the control group. On comparison of the decayed-missing-filled (DMF) index scores of the study and control groups, before and after completion of the study, had also shown that the caries index was increased and the difference was found to be statistically significant.
Purpose: To assess the incidence of pulp stones in molar and premolar teeth of Southern Saudi Arabian adult sub-population. Materials and Methods: Six hundred patient files were randomly selected from the database (records) of the College of Dentistry outpatient department screened by Oral Medicine and Radiology division. Orthopantomogram and bitewing radiographs using radiovisiographs of first and second maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars were interpreted by three examiners. Pulp stones were identified as definite radiopaque masses and scored as present or absent. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 19. Results: Out of total 600 patients, pulp stones were found in 88 (14.7%) patients. Females showed statistically significant higher presence of pulp stones in mandibular molars than males. The patients belonging to middle age group (31–40 years) showed statistically significant higher presence of pulp stones than the other two groups in all first and second molar teeth in both arches. The presence of pulp stones was observed to be higher in maxillary arch than mandibular arch with left side having more frequency than the right side of the arch. Conclusion: The prevalence of pulp stones in the study population was found to be 14.7%, and it was higher in molars than premolars. It is quite significant to know the frequency distribution of pulp stones especially for an endodontist or a dentist to plan the root canal treatment of such teeth accordingly.
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