We explore the spatial patterning of precarious forms of employment (PFE) by immigration status using Statistics Canada's 2011–2016 Labour Force Surveys. We provide new evidence showing that different PFEs exhibited distinct spatial patterns, with the census metropolitan areas showing the greatest spatial variation for immigrants. More so, immigrants were represented in high shares in PFEs in geographies where they tend to concentrate. Our findings raise a series of important questions on the efficacy of the regionally differentiated entitlement to Employment Insurance (EI) especially as immigrants are represented in high PFE shares in regions where EI coverage rates are low.
The flexibility of labour markets has entailed a growing use of temporary employment that is associated with limited work arrangements that are often unprotected, poorly paid, and socio‐economically insecure. Yet, the factors that shape the patterning of temporary employment and its types (seasonal, casual, and contract jobs) are relatively unknown in Canada. Using data from Statistics Canada's 2016 Labour Force Survey and the 2016 Census, this paper examines the spatial characteristics influencing the patterns of temporary employment and its types across Canada's census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMAs/CAs). We hypothesize that geographies characterized by a high proportion of immigrants, highly educated populations, and highly unemployed populations have a greater likelihood of workers employed in temporary employment and its types. Our analyses support these hypotheses as population characteristics (CMAs/CAs with a high share of Asian immigrants); labour market characteristics (unemployment rate and prevalence of low income in CMAs/CAs); and human capital characteristics (CMAs/CAs characterized by a large share of populations with a bachelor's degree or higher) contributed more to explaining positive temporary employment outcomes than did occupation characteristics. This study adds valuable insights into the spatial dimensions of labour market insecurity that could be valuable in formulating place‐based policies that address labour market inequalities.
This study aims to examine how gendered precariousness is spatially patterned across Canada's landscape using Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey. We compare gender differences in distinct precarious forms of employment (PFEs) across a range of geographies, including national, provincial, census metropolitan areas, and urban/rural areas. We find that distinct spatial patterns and degree of gendered precariousness were evident within and across geographic spaces. Logit models further confirmed the robustness of gender differences in PFEs across space, revealing that PFEs were associated with gender, immigration status, age, type of economic family, education, income, and occupation. This study has implications for further understanding the causal factors at play in producing these uneven economic geographies. In terms of policy recommendations, this study calls for greater gender equity in social safety net policies, especially in the wake of the labor market shocks brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study was undertaken in order to identify and discuss KM techniques that are used to manage sustainability knowledge in the Canadian Mining Industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 sustainability executives in the Canadian mining industry. The findings show that few mining firms are reaping the full benefits of knowledge management in terms of codifying tacit knowledge, providing employees with the necessary resources to contribute to the organization's knowledge, retaining project knowledge, establishing KM roles and a KM strategy and monitoring the success of KM. The difficulties of managing sustainability knowledge as expressed by the firms interviewed in this study can be overcome by effective implementation of knowledge management. Effective implementation of knowledge management will need to be governed by top management commitment and the ability of the organization to make changes in strategic programs and adopting the necessary behaviors that facilitate KM.
This study was undertaken in order to identify and discuss KM techniques that are used to manage sustainability knowledge in the Canadian Mining Industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 sustainability executives in the Canadian mining industry. The findings show that few mining firms are reaping the full benefits of knowledge management in terms of codifying tacit knowledge, providing employees with the necessary resources to contribute to the organization's knowledge, retaining project knowledge, establishing KM roles and a KM strategy and monitoring the success of KM. The difficulties of managing sustainability knowledge as expressed by the firms interviewed in this study can be overcome by effective implementation of knowledge management. Effective implementation of knowledge management will need to be governed by top management commitment and the ability of the organization to make changes in strategic programs and adopting the necessary behaviors that facilitate KM.
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