This study aims to investigate the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among rural residents aged 35-74 years in northern China during the country's rapid economic development from 1991 to 2011. Two surveys, conducted in 1991 and 2011, included 2196 and 1939 participants aged 35-74 years from same villages in Ji County, Tianjin of China, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, adjusted by age and gender using the world standard population in 2000, increased 30% (39.9% vs 51.7%) between 1991 and 2011. The increase was greatest (68%) in women aged 35-44 years. Meanwhile, the prevalence of stage II hypertension increased by 75% overall, with a 4-fold increase in men aged 45-54 years. Although the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension increased significantly during the same period, they remained unacceptably poor. In conclusion, the community-based surveys showed that the prevalence of hypertension in rural residents of northern China aged 35-74 years increased rapidly over the past 20 years, and most dramatically in young women. Efforts in the primary prevention of hypertension, particularly for young women, and promoting education for hypertension awareness, treatment and control are of paramount importance in rural China.

Ovarian cancer often occurs in perimenopausal women. The mortality of ovarian cancer is in the first place among gynecological cancers because of no obvious early symptoms and the lack of effective diagnostic approach. Gene chips, proteomics, immunohistochemistry and other methods have become hot topics for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. However, due to the variety of pathology and not clear enough of mechanism and etiology, there is still no ideal tumor markers with both high specific and sensitivity, which can be applied into clinical early diagnosis for ovarian cancer. Therefore, a new systematic method with high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and new tumor markers need to be identified. We should make an examination of ovarian cancer in the early period in the crowd for early diagnosis and early treatment to further improve life quality of patients. This paper reviewed the recent advancements of tumor markers for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

S100 protein is the largest subtribe in calcium binding protein family. According to recent researches, abnormal expression of S100 protein is often related to tumor, including breast tumor. Breast tumor is the most common malignant disease in female with high mortality mainly due to metastasis. Estimating early diagnostic and prognostic markers are helpful to conduct treatment for patients with breast cancer. Accumulating investigations focused on the role of S100 proteins in breast tumor development and metastasis. This paper summarizes the expression situation of S100 proteins in breast tumor as well as its effects on metastasis and prognosis of breast tumor.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is related to gut microbiota dysbiosis, especially butyrate-producing bacteria reduction. Our previous study suggested administration of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a butyrate-producing bacterium, exerts a crucial effect against CRC. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) contributes to tumorigenic epigenetic regulation. We aimed to investigate the effects of C. butyricum on METTL3 in the prevention of CRC. Methods TCGA and CancerSEA databases were used to investigate METTL3 co-expressed genes, and the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted on METTL3. Tissue specimens of human normal colonic tissue, adenoma and carcinoma were obtained and examined the expression of METTL3, EMT-associated markers, and VM formation. We overexpressed METTL3 in CRC cells to assess cell migration and tube formation. Meanwhile, the effects of C. butyricum on METTL3, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation in CRC cells were evaluated. Furthermore, a murine xenograft model was established to provide further evidence of the inhibition of C. butyricum on tumor growth. Results Database analysis suggested that METTL3 showed a positive correlation with proliferation, EMT, DNA repair, metastasis, and invasion. The expression of METTL3 gradually increased from human normal colon tissue, adenoma to carcinoma, and was positively correlated with VM formation and EMT. METTL3 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells and induced VM formation. C. butyricum could downregulate METTL3 expression in CRC cells and decrease the expression of vimentin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 to reduce EMT and VM formation. Moreover, C. butyricum alleviated the pro-oncogenic effect of METTL3 overexpressing plasmid in CRC cells. Accordingly, C. butyricum downregulated the expression of METTL3 in tumors and prevented EMT in nude mice. Conclusion C. butyricum could inhibit EMT and VM of intestinal carcinogenesis through downregulating METTL3. These findings broaden our understanding of probiotics supplement in the prevention and treatment of CRC.