In this work, a new technique of modified-alkali leaching−dilute acid washing for extracting synthetic rutile from high-titanium slag is proposed. Most of the Ti components are enriched into the rutile phase during the modification, and rutile can be separated by alkali leaching−dilute acid washing. Thermodynamic analyses of the reactions occurring during the alkali leaching−dilute acid washing process were performed to provide a theoretical basis for rutile extraction from the modified slag. The calculated thermodynamic results suggest that it is possible to use the alkali leaching−acid washing process to separate rutile from the impurities in the modified slag. The structure of the glass phase, which contains almost all of the impurities, requires relatively high alkalinity to be destroyed, and the impurities of the slag, including Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, and MnO, can be removed easily with dilute acid after the alkali leaching stage. The technique is low in cost and obtains synthetic rutile for the chlorination process.
The microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties, deformation and fracture behaviour of the Nd:YAG laser welded dissimilar joints between 780 and 980 MPa dual phase steels over a wide strain rate range were investigated. The welded joint shows hardening in fusion zone, supercritical and intercritical heat affected zones and softening in subcritical heat affected zones. For the dissimilar welded joint, the changing trend of the ductility is similar to those of the base metals with respect to the strain rate. The reason for the strain rate sensitivity of the failure location of the welded joint is that the major factor influencing the failure location changes from the content of ferrite to the content of ferrite/martensite interface with increasing strain rate.
Non-stoichiometry influences both the thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the iron oxide redox processes. The thermochemical data of iron oxide redox reactions in various textbooks are not consistent, and the kinetic characteristics are not well understood because of the nonstoichiometry. To clarify such confusions, some famous thermodynamic data are compared, and highly precise experimental work conducted for verification. It is shown that the thermodynamic data for the pure iron oxide reduction reactions from JANAF agree well with the experimental results; the eutectoid temperature of iron oxides was proven to be 576uC; Dieckmann's defect model of magnetite was proven in good agreement with the experimental results only at high oxygen activities but not low oxygen activities; and the dependences of iron deficiency on Dwt-% (weight loss ratio) and Fe 2z % (ferrous ratio) were calculated and experimentally verified in pure iron oxides reduction processes.
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