Context. The supermassive black hole, Sagittarius (Sgr) A*, in the centre of our Galaxy has the largest angular size in the sky among all astrophysical black holes. Its shadow, assuming no rotation, spans ∼50 µas. Resolving such dimensions has long been out of reach for astronomical instruments until a new generation of interferometers being operational during this decade. Of particular interest is the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) with resolution ∼20 µas in the millimeter-wavelength range 0.87 mm-1.3 mm. Aims. We investigate the ability of the fully general relativistic Komissarov (2006, MNRAS, 368, 993) analytical magnetized torus model to account for observable constraints at Sgr A* in the centimeter and millimeter domains. The impact of the magnetic field geometry on the observables is also studied. Methods. We calculate ray-traced centimeter-and millimeter-wavelength synchrotron spectra and images of a magnetized accretion torus surrounding the central black hole in Sgr A*. We assume stationarity, axial symmetry, constant specific angular momentum and polytropic equation of state. A hybrid population of thermal and non-thermal electrons is considered. Results. We show that the torus model is capable of reproducing spectral constraints in the millimeter domain, and in particular in the observable domain of the EHT. However, the torus model is not yet able to fit the centimeter spectrum. 1.3 mm images at high inclinations are in agreement with observable constraints. Conclusions. The ability of the torus model to account for observations of Sgr A* in the millimeter domain is interesting in the perspective of the future EHT. Such an analytical model allows very fast computations. It will thus be a suitable test bed for investigating large domains of physical parameters, as well as non-black-hole compact object candidates and alternative theories of gravity.
A beam scanning Fabry‐Pérot cavity antenna (FPCA) for 28 GHz‐band is presented in this article. The proposed antenna consists of a slot‐fed patch antenna and several layers of perforated superstrates with different dielectric constant. The beam of the antenna can be controlled by moving the superstrate over the antenna. By increasing the offset between the feeding antenna and the superstrate, a larger tilt angle can be obtained. The size of the antenna is 0.95λ0 × 0.95λ0 × 0.48λ0 at 28.5 GHz. The results show the proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth (S11 < ‐10 dB) of 10.5% (27.2‐30.2 GHz), and the beam can be scanned from 0° to 14° in the yoz‐plane with the offset changed from 0 mm to 2 mm. The gain of the antenna is enhanced by 5 dBi in comparison with the feeding antenna without the superstrate, which ranges from 10.91 to 11.53 dBi with the different offset. The proposed antenna is fabricated and shows a good agreement with simulated result.
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