An approach is proposed to calculate the direct reaction (DR) and fusion probabilities for heavy ion collisions at near-Coulomb-barrier energies as func- Simultaneous χ 2 -analyses are performed of relevant data for the 16 O+ 208 Pb system near the Coulomb-barrier energy.

We applied the quasiparticle random-phase approximation to neutrino reactions on 12 C target. The quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) has been found to successfully explain the nuclear β and ββ decays. To describe neutrino-nucleus reactions, various multipole transitions by weak interactions with finite momentum transfers are added to the Gamow Teller transition in the β decays. Our results are shown to well reproduce most of experimental data for neutrino reactions on 12 C target. In particular, energy dependence of cross sections for the exclusive reaction, 12 C(ν e , e − ) 12 N g.s.(1 + ) , is discussed in detail by comparing the QRPA calculations to related experimental data.

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Based on the extended optical model approach in which the polarization potential is decomposed into direct reaction (DR) and fusion parts, simultaneous χ 2 analyses are performed for elastic scattering, DR, and fusion cross section data for the 9 Be+ 208 Pb system at near-Coulomb-barrier energies. Similar χ 2 analyses are also performed by only taking into account the elastic scattering and fusion data as was previously done by the present authors, and the results are compared with those of the full analysis including the DR cross section data as well. We find that the analyses using only elastic scattering

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