S U M M A R YUsing modelled and simulated data for comparison of several methods to compute GPS strain rate fields in terms of their precision and robustness reveals that least-squares collocation is superior. Large scale (75 • E-135 • E and 20 • N-50 • N) analyses of 1 • grid sampling data and decimated 50 per cent data by resampling (then erasing data in two 5 • × 10 • region) reveal that the Delaunay method has poor performance and that the other three methods show high accuracy. The correlation coefficients between theoretical results and calculated results obtained with different errors in input data show that the order in terms of robustness, from good to bad, is least-squares collocation, spherical harmonics, multisurface function and the Delaunay method. The influence of data sparseness on different methods shows that leastsquares collocation is better than spherical harmonics and multisurface function when sample data are distributed from a 2 • grid to a 1 • grid. Analysis to medium scale (90 • E-120 • E, 25 • N-40 • N) in 1 • -0.5 • grid sampling data reveals that least-squares collocation is superior to other methods in terms of robustness and sensitivity to data sparseness, but their difference is slight. Strain rate results obtained for the Chinese mainland using GPS data from 1999 to 2004 show that the spherical harmonics method has edge effects and that its value and range increase concomitantly with increased sparseness. The multisurface function method shows non-steady-state characteristics; the errors of results increase concomitantly with increased sparseness. The least-squares collocation method shows steady characteristics. The errors of results show no significant increase even though 50 per cent of input data are decimated by resampling. The spherical harmonics and multisurface function methods are affected by the geometric distribution of input data, but the least-squares collocation method is not.
This paper presents the coseismic displacement and preseismic deformation fields of the Lushan M S 7.0 earthquake that occurred on April 20, 2013. The results are based on GPS observations along the Longmenshan fault and within its vicinity. The coseismic displacement and preseismic GPS results indicate that in the strain release of this earthquake, the thrust rupture is dominant and the laevorotation movement is secondary. Furthermore, we infer that any possible the rupture does not reach the earth's surface, and the seismogenic fault is most likely one fault to the east of the Guanxian-Anxian fault. Some detailed results are obtainable.(1) The southern segment of the Longmenshan fault is locked preceding the Lushan earthquake. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the strain accumulation rate in the southeast direction accelerates in the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake, and the angle between the principal compressional strain and the seismogenic fault indicates that a sinistral deformation background in the direction of the seismogenic fault precedes the Lushan earthquake. Therefore, it is evident that the Wenchuan M S 8.0 earthquake accelerated the pregnancy of the Lushan earthquake. (2) The coseismic displacements reflected by GPS data are mainly located in a region that is 230 km (NW direction) × 100 km (SW direction), and coseismic displacements larger than 10 mm lie predominantly in a 100-km region (NW direction). (3) On a large scale, the coseismic displacement shows thrust characteristics, but the associated values are remarkably small in the near field (within 70 km) of the earthquake fault. Meanwhile, the thrust movement in this 70-km region does not correspond with the attenuation characteristics of the strain release, indicating that the rupture of this earthquake does not reach the earth's surface. (4) The laevorotation movements are remarkable in the 50-km region, which is located in the hanging wall that is close to the earthquake fault, and the corresponding values in this case correlate with the attenuation characteristics of the strain release.Lushan earthquake, Longmenshan fault zone, strain accumulation status, continuous GPS surveying, coseismic displacement fields Citation:Wu Y Q, Jiang Z S, Wang M, et al. Preliminary results pertaining to coseismic displacement and preseismic strain accumulation of the Lushan M S 7.0 earthquake, as reflected by GPS surveying.
Hybrid organic−inorganic halide perovskites are the most promising photovoltaic absorber materials to substitute or complement silicon in high-efficiency solar cells. These hybrid materials are often constrained by their low stability and critical elements like lead. Computational high-throughput screening studies, based on solid-state electronic-structure theory, are useful to identify promising substitute materials with targeted properties. In this work, we present an efficient computational approach based on density-functional theory, which is suitable to predict band gaps for arbitrary compounds reliably and in good quantitative agreement with experimental band gap data for known compounds. This approach is described and demonstrated for the building blocks of one of the most promising hybrid perovskites, namely, (HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) x Cs 1−x Pb(I y Br 1−y ) 3 , with x and y varied between zero and one.
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