after receiving an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Oklahoma. His areas of research include cements for geothermal use, low-density cements and control of gas flow through cement. ABSTRACT Until recently, attempts to improve extra-low density cement grout slurries (1000 to 1300 kglm3) suitablefor oil and gas well cementing have accomplished little except to define a disappointingly low strength-density ratio and confirm the low density limit for useful com-pressive strengths. Commonly available porous, light-weight fillers which yield good strength-density ratios at surface conditions seldom provide the desired benefits under high pressure conditions. The use of water-extended admixtures results in little or no useful strength at slurry densities below 1300 kglm-1, and the amount of gas entrainment needed for low-density foam or cellular grout is often impractical at high pressures. This paper describes the use of a new light-weight admixture which maintains low density, even at high pressures, and has a relatively low mixing water re-quirement. Slurries using this new ma-terial have greatly improved strength as compared to other types of low-density slurry systems. Final compressive strengths for slurries with densities of only 1050 kgIm3 easily exceed 3.5 MPa. This new admixture consists of small (10-100 jam) diameter inorganic high-strength microspheres (HSMS). It can be used with any type of cement, survive under hydraulic pressures approaching 50 MPa and withstand geothermal well temperatures.TO date, proven applications range from cementing conductor pipe and cas-ings where fast strength development is TABLE 1. Sieveanalysis slave Size (.UM)Weight %
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