New phosphorylated epoxy‐imide polymer was obtained using diimide‐diepoxide (DIDE) cured with bis(3‐aminophenyl)methylphosphine oxide (BAMP). In addition, composition of the synthesized diimide‐diepoxide (DIDE) with common curing agents, e.g., 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylether (DDE) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), were used for making a comparison of its curing reactivity, heat and flame retardation with that of bis(3‐aminophenyl)methylphosphine oxide. The reactivity of those curing agents toward epoxy‐imide, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was of the order DDE > BAMP > DDS. Through the evaluation of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), the new phosphorylated epoxy‐imide polymer demonstrated excellent thermal properties as well as a high char yield. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In the present study, activated bleaching earth was used as clay adsorbent for an investigation of the adsorbability and adsorption kinetics of acid dyes (i.e., acid orange 51, acid blue 9, and acid orange 10) with three different molecular sizes from aqueous solution at 25 • C in a batch adsorber. The rate of adsorption has been investigated under the most important process parameters (i.e., initial dye concentration). A simple pseudo-second-order model has been tested to predict the adsorption rate constant, equilibrium adsorbate concentration, and equilibrium adsorption capacity by the fittings of the experimental data. The results showed that the adsorbability of the acid acids by activated bleaching earth follows the order: acid orange 51 > acid blue 9 > acid orange 10, parallel to the molecular weights and molecular sizes of the acid dyes. The adsorption removals (below 3%) of acid blue 9 and acid orange 10 onto the clay adsorbent are far lower than that (∼24%) of acid orange 51. Further, the adsorption kinetic of acid orange 51 can be well described by the pseudo-second-order reaction model. Based on the isotherm data obtained from the fittings of the adsorption kinetics, the Langmuir model appears to fit the adsorption better than the Freundlich model. The external coefficients of mass transfer of the acid orange 51 molecule across the boundary layer of adsorbent particle have also been estimated at the order of 10 −4 -10 −5 cm s −1 based on the film-pore model and pseudo-second-order reaction model.
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