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PrefaceA Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Eflciency and Renewable Energy Technologies provides guidance on economic evaluation approaches, metrics, and levels of detail required, while offering a consistent basis on which analysts can perform analyses using standard assumptions and bases. It not only provides information on the primary economic measures used in economic analyses and the fundamentals of finance but also provides guidance focused on the special considerations required in the economic evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy systems.The Analytic Studies Division (ASD) of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed this manual for the Office of Planning and Assessment (OPA) in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). It is envisioned that this manual will serve as a standard reference on economic evaluation within DOE'S Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.Several NREL staff members contributed to this manual through valuable input and review. Outside of NREL, many people provided information for and reviewed drafts of the manual. Among the latter are Fred Abel of the Office of Planning
Based on existing electricity demand and driving patterns, a 50% penetration of PHEVs would increase the per capita electricity demand by around 5-10%, depending on the region evaluated.
One of the impediments to large-scale use of wind generation within power systems is its nondispatchability and variable and uncertain real-time availability. Operating constraints on conventional generators such as minimum generation points, forbidden zones, and ramping limits as well as system constraints such as power flow limits and ancillary service requirements may force a system operator to curtail wind generation in order to ensure feasibility. Furthermore, the pattern of wind availability and electricity demand may not allow wind generation to be fully utilized in all hours. One solution to these issues, which could reduce these inflexibilities, is the use of real-time pricing (RTP) tariffs which can both smooth-out the diurnal load pattern in order to reduce the impact of binding unit operating and system constraints on wind utilization, and allow demand to increase in response to the availability of costless wind generation. We use and analyze a detailed unit commitment model of the Texas power system with different estimates of demand elasticities to demonstrate the potential increases in wind generation from implementing RTP.
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