Cyberbullying is a relatively recent phenomenon that can have significant consequences for young people's wellbeing due to the specific technological affordances of social media. To date, research into cyberbullying has been largely quantitative; thus, it often elides the complexity of the issue. Moreover, most studies have been "top down," excluding young people's views. Our qualitative research findings suggest that young people engage in cyberbullying to accrue social benefits over peers and to manage social pressures and anxiety, while cultural conventions in gender performance see girls engage differently in cyberbullying. We conclude that cyberbullying, like offline bullying, is a socially constructed behavior that provides both pleasure and pain.
There is little existing empirical evidence on the relationship between inflation and growth, and much of what evidence there is fails to control appropriately for growth in real inputs. The present work uses a small sample of OECD countries for which capital stock and labour force data are available to investigate, in a pooled time series and cross-section fashion, the relationship between inflation and growth. Strong evidence is found contrary to the maintained hypothesis that there should be no association between inflation and real growth. The weight of evidence is that, having appropriately controlled for capital and labour inputs, inflation and its first difference are significantly negatively related to economic growth.
This article uses the concept of social capital to analyse data about Muslim jobseekers attempting to enter the Australian labour market. They often relied on their own social networks to find work rather than maximize the support of employment service providers. The study demonstrated the range of Muslim jobseekers and their social networks in an atmosphere of fear and intolerance. Three categories of Muslim jobseekers – from advantaged to disadvantaged – were identified. It is concluded that the most disadvantaged Muslim jobseekers can benefit greatly from increased support offered by employment service providers. Cet article présente une analyse des gens de confession musulmane qui cherchent à entrer sur le marché du travail en Australie. Nous avons observé que ces gens comptaient souvent sur leurs propres réseaux sociaux pour chercher un emploi et que quelquefois ils ne voulaient pas utiliser les services d’aide. Nos recherches décrivent en détail les expériences de ces demandeurs d’emploi. Il semble qu’il y ait un climat de peur et d’intolérance dans la société australienne qui pousse ces personnes à compter sur leurs propres ressources et réseaux, qui sont nécessairement limités. Nous avons identifié trois catégories de demandeurs d’emploi musulmans: les demandeurs les plus favorisés, les demandeurs avec quelques avantages, et les demandeurs les plus défavorisés. Nos recherches indiquent que les musulmans qui ne réussissent pas à trouver un emploi sont ceux qui sont les plus défavorisés dans la société. Ces derniers devraient obtenir un meilleur soutien des services d’aide à la recherche d’un emploi quand ils cherchent à entrer sur le marché du travail en Australie.
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