The results indicate that benign meningiomas that are PR positive are less likely to recur, a finding that has prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Enolase is a dimeric enzyme which catalyses the interconversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway. It has three immunologically distinct subunits a, /3, and y, giving rise to the five isoenzymes aa, ,3,3, y'y, a,3, and ay. Within the nervous system glial cells contain

In the present study we report changes in a and y immunoreactive enolase in the cerebrospinal fluid of 212 patients with neurological diseases. MethodsHuman aa and 'yy enolases were prepared from brains obtained within twenty-four hours of death and the purified proteins were then used to raise monospecific antisera in rabbits as previously described.' Radioimmunoassay Ten micrograms of each purified protein were iodinated using N-succinimidyl-3,4 hydroxyl-5(I'25) iodophenylpropionate (Amersham Intemational Ltd, Amersham, Bucks, England) by the Bolton and Hunter method.'4 The iodinated protein was separated from the low molecular weight products of the reaction using a 10 ml column of Sephadex G-25 (coarse grade) equilibrated with 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7-5, containing 0 25% gelatine (Sigma London, Fancy Road, Poole, Dorset, Eng-1031

No abstract

Aims-To assess the possible role of hypoxia in the formation of axonal bulbs. Methods-Study material comprised sections from 28 brains showing evidence of cerebral hypoxia with no history of head injury, four with a history of head trauma but no evidence of hypoxic change, eight with a history of head trauma and hypoxic change, and four from control brains originally described as "diVuse axonal injury." These were subjected to microwave antigen retrieval and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to amyloid precursor protein ( APP), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and CD68-PGM1. Results-Positive staining for APP was seen in all four controls, all four cases of head injury only, seven of eight cases of head injury and hypoxic changes, and 12 of 28 cases of hypoxia without history of head injury; 22 of 25 cases who had been ventilated showed positive staining. The majority of cases showed evidence of cerebral swelling. Conclusions-Axonal bulbs staining positively for APP may occur in the presence of hypoxia and in the absence of head injury. The role of hypoxia, raised intracranial pressure, oedema, shift eVects, and ventilatory support in the formation of axonal bulbs is discussed. The presence of axonal bulbs cannot necessarily be attributed to shearing forces alone. (J Clin Pathol 1999;52:203-209)