Protection of the environment is an activity of many institutions, organizations and communities from global to regional and local scales. Any activity in this area needs structured database records, using advanced methodology, given, among others, in INSPIRE documents, ISO standards of 19100 series, and national regulations. The goal of this paper is to analyse both the legal provisions related to the air quality and also data sources associated with the prevention of air pollution. Furthermore, the UML application schema of the spatial data related to the air protection is proposed, for the use by urban planners. Also, the overview of the methodology of geographic information is given, including the Unified Modelling Language (UML), as well as the basic concepts of conceptual models within the INSPIRE project. The study is based on the relevant literature and documents, as well as on the expert knowledge gained through urban planning practice, as well as on the analysis of the spatial planning regulations. The UML application schema for different aspects related to the air protection, as presented in this paper, is an example of how to use the methodology also in other fields of the environment protection. Spatial planners know how to improve the air quality, but in the present state of law they often suffer from the lack of planning tools for real actions. In the spatial planners work an important issue are data that allow a thorough analysis of the area.
Geokinematics in GGOS - Different Relations and Dependences
The paper presents the preliminary results of the analysis of fundamental dependencies between different geodetic concepts related to the one of the GGOS (Global Geodetic Observation System) pillars called Geometry and Kinematics. These relationships are described using UML (Unified Modelling Language) - one of the graphical notations that can be used for information modelling. Concepts are represented as classes with their names, attributes, and different kinds of links between them. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the full description of connections between all GGOS components.
Real-time evaluation of deformations, like stress, strain, displacements of structure components can provide essential information about the state of the structure. It's very important to assess correctly the condition of the structure, to identify its most important parts to be measured. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to choose proper methods of measurements and right instruments. The geodetic techniques of acquiring information about deformations have recently strongly intended for remote methods. This trend can be observed for example in using reflectors for distance measurements, interferometry, scanning or remote sensing methods. Very promising are also approaches employing instruments like clearance gauge or dial gauge. Evaluation of structure deformations is quite sophisticated. It cannot be carried out by geodesists alone on every day routine. The paper presents different measurement methods of deformations for different structures ranging from buildings to bridges, together with the attempt to determine the most suitable ones for each of them. The best technique is chosen based on the accuracy requirements, length of the measurement time and the total cost of the survey including its data processing. Finally the paper takes into consideration that some of the methods need to be backed up by alternative ones and proposes the idea of combining techniques to achieve the goal.
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