Ivermectin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and tetracycline HCl are common drugs in human and veterinary practice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible binding interactions between ivermectin and the antibiotics chloramphenicol, ampicillin and tetracycline HCl. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the binding interactions between ivermectin and these antibiotics. Results indicated that, about three molecules of ampicillin can bind to one molecule of ivermectin and about one molecule of chloramphenicol with one molecule of ivermectin. However, no binding stoichiometry can be detected with tetracycline HCl-ivermectin titration. Furthermore, the binding interactions were accompanied by various biophysical and biochemical mechanisms. This is the first report of such interactions of ivermectin with chloramphenicol, ampicillin and tetracycline HCl. There are possible binding interactions of ivermectin with chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Further studies are required for detecting the impact of this binding on biological aspects of drug actions.
The pharmacokinetic properties of difloxacin were investigated following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration of 10 mg/kg body weight, in non-infected and experimentally mycoplasma infected chickens. Serum concentrations of difloxacin were assayed microbialogically after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administrations. difl-oxacin residues were detected in chicken tissues following repeated oral administrations in non-infected and infected chickens. Following a single intravenous injection, the serum difloxacin level was best approximated to follow a two-compartment open model. The elimination half-life (t0.5) was 4.58 + 0.008 h. The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 2.12 + 0.07 L/kg and the mean residence time (MRT) was 3.91 + 0.07 h.
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