Abstract:The battery management system (BMS) is a critical component of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The purpose of the BMS is to guarantee safe and reliable battery operation. To maintain the safety and reliability of the battery, state monitoring and evaluation, charge control, and cell balancing are functionalities that have been implemented in BMS. As an electrochemical product, a battery acts differently under different operational and environmental conditions. The uncertainty of a battery's performance poses a challenge to the implementation of these functions. This paper addresses concerns for current BMSs. State evaluation of a battery, including state of charge, state of health, and state of life, is a critical task for a BMS. Through reviewing the latest methodologies for the state evaluation of batteries, the future challenges for BMSs are presented and possible solutions are proposed as well.

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Batteries play a critical role for the reliability of battery-powered systems. The prognostics in batteries provide warning to the advent of failure, which requires timely maintenance and replacement of batteries. This paper reviews current research on battery degradation models and focuses on the online implementation of prognostic algorithms. The particle filtering approach is utilized to track battery performance based on two degradation models that are highly efficient for onlineapplications. An experimental demonstration of this method is provided. Through a comparison of the prognostic results, the problems of the models and the algorith m are discussed.

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