The clinical significance of Proteus penneri, a newly described species, is unknown. A case report is presented, which is to the best of our knowledge the first description of this organism causing a urinary tract infection and bladder calculi. Recent revisions in the classification of the Proteeae, a tribe of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, recognized three genera, namely, Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella (3). In the genus Proteus, three species were identified. These included the well-known P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis species. A third, P. myxofaciens, was proposed for an organism isolated from gypsy moth larvae (Porthetria dispar), but is not of clinical importance. Bacteria formerly in the genus Proteus and previously classified as Proteus rettgeri and Proteus morganii were reassigned to the genera Providencia and Morganella, respectively. Subsequent studies of 20 indole-negative strains generally grouped with P. vulgaris led to the finding that they constituted a separate species (8). The name given to this species was Proteus penneri (10). Although strains of this species have been reported to be isolated from urine, stool, and blood specimens, their clinical significance is largely unknown (8). With the report of this new species, more attention was given to the precise classification of the Proteus species in our laboratory. This species may be differentiated by tests for esculin hydrolysis, salicin, and indole (all negative at 48 h) which are readily performed in clinical laboratories. This
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