Review of the Subject.-In the communication art transnetwork which affords a ready means of analyzing its losses.formers are used to transfer inductively the energy of speech currents The variation of the transformer losses with frequency is discussed from one electric circuit to another. In addition to this primary for the three above mentioned combinations of circuit impedances function which must be efficiently performed without distorting the and characteristic curves are shown for transformers of different speech significance of the transmitted energy, there is a variety of mutual impedances. Characteristics are also given showing the secondary functions such as making possible the super-position of operation of the input transformer into the vacuum tube as the phantom circuits on ordinary telephone circuits, discriminating mutual impedance and the transformer ratio are varied. The between speech and telegraph or signaling frequencies, isolating circuit conditions of the input transformer represent a common circuits carrying direct current, and preventing inductive inspecial case of the third combination of circuit impedances. terference between adjacent circuits.The mechanical construction of various transformers is shown, A discussion is presented of the frequency range over which namely, that of the ordinary battery supply repeating coil, of the teletelephone transformers must operate efficiently in transferring phone induction coil, and of three more recent types of transformers energy between two circuits and the three most common limiting used principally in various vacuum tube circuits such as telephone impedance combinations of these circuits, namely, both circuits repeaters, carrier frequency and radio circuits. These transformers resistances, one circuit a resistance and the other a positive reactance are all constructed so as to give the desired accuracy of speech and one circuit a resistance and the other a negative reactance. transmission under their particular circuit conditions. TheThe efficiency with which energy is transmitted is measured by climatic conditions present in the widely distributed telephone comparison with an ideal transformer which is one that introduces plant have been carefully considered and the transformers designed no losses and has the best ratio to connect the two circuits. In to maintain their initial efficiency over a long period of studying its action the transformer is replaced by its equivalent T years.
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