Microemulsions, comprising oil, water and a surfactant, in association with some co-surfactant, are thermodynamically stable systems. They have found applications in a large number of chemical and pharmacological processes due to their unique properties such as large interfacial area, low interfacial tension, and most importantly, the ability to solubilize and deliver hydrophobic drugs. In addition to the oral and intravenous route, they are suitable for drug delivery through the ophthalmic, vaginal, pulmonary, dental, and topical routes. This review highlights the properties and several recent developments in the use of microemulsions for medical treatment purposes including targeted drug delivery.
An endophytic fungus is an integral part the plant micro biome and colonizes the plant both systemically and non-systemically. In the present investigation endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf of a medicinally important hydrophyte, . Three hundred and fifty one isolates belonging to 15 different species were isolated. , sp., , and sp. showed higher colonization frequency. Alkaloids and Flavonoids were produced by all endophytic fungi in their crude extract and terpenoid was produced by 14 endophytic fungi. The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and diethylether extracts of four dominant endophytic fungi, , , sp. and Sterile form I were tested. Bioactive compounds produced in ethyl acetate extract was more effective than diethylether compounds in inhibiting pathogens. Thus, this study provides an insight on the diversity of endophytic fungi and their varied anti-bacterial properties.
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