2 N NaOH, brine), dried (MgS04), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue, a red oil (7.4 g), was chromatographed on neutral III alumina made up in pentane. Elution by pentane gave 2.11 g which was discarded. Elution by ether gave 2-bis(tert-butylthio)methylpyridine (3.05 g, 0.0113 mol, 11%) which was distilled in a short path apparatus: bp 80°(0.1 mm); ir (film) 1588 (s), 1568 (m), 1470 (s), 1432 (s), 1364 (s), 1154 (s), 990 (m), 742 (m), 718 (m) cm-1; uv max (MeOH) 271 µ (e 4480); nmr (CDClg) & 8.42 (broad d, 1,

IV regional anesthesia can offer a more favorable patient recovery profile and shorter postoperative nursing care time and hospital discharge time than an isoflurane-based general anesthetic or brachial plexus block technique for hand surgery.

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In August 1908 Karl August Bier, Professor of Surgery in Berlin, described a new method of producing analgesia of a limb which he named 'vein anesthesia'. Bier first presented his new method of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) at the 37th Congress of the German Surgical Society on 22 April, 1908, only 10 years after his significant communication on spinal anesthesia (1). His method, which now bears his name, consisted of occluding the circulation in a segment of the arm with two tourniquets and then injecting a dilute local anesthetic through a venous cut-down in the isolated segment. Bier had the good fortune to use procaine, the first safe injectable local anesthetic that had been synthesized by Einhorn in 1904.