Spontaneous neoplasms are seen fairly frequently in nonhuman primates, primarily due to their increased longevity? Neoplasms of the mammary gland are rare in nonhuman primates: carcinomas are most common, and most have been reported in the rhesus monkey. Other mammary neoplasms reported in nonhuman primates include a mixed mammary tumor, a spindle cell sarcoma, a fibroadenoma, a squamous cell epithelioma. and a fibrosarcoma. In nonhuman primates, most mammary carcinomas had distant metastases.(' We describe a spontaneous metastatic mammary carcinoma in a rhesus monkey (Mucucu mirlutlu).A 22-year-old imported female rhesus monkey served as a control in a life-time study. She was housed conventionally in one facility for 18 years: body weight, blood counts, and serum chemistries were done quarterly throughout her life. No significant health problems occurred until five years prior to her death when a nodule, 1.5 cm in diameter, was visually detected and palpated in her left breast. The left mass enlarged. and a 2.5 cm diameter mass was detected in the right breast four years later. Five years after detection of the original mammary tumor, the monkey developed labored respiration and had prominent lung sounds upon auscultation. Radiographs showed numerous irregular radiopacities in the lungs consistent with metastatic foci. The monkey was painlessly killed with an overdose of a barbiturate solution.Grossly, the mammary masses were similar. The left mammary gland had several variably sized nodules, and the axillary lymph nodes were enlarged. The right mammary gland had a solitary 2.5 cm diameter nodule. The nodules were white, shiny, firm, and contained caseous, clear fluid-filled or empty centers on cut surface. Multifocal to confluent nodules similar to those in the mammary glands were found in all lobes of the lung, and in the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes ( fig. I). Smaller, various-sized nodules similar to those seen in the lungs were found in the liver, mesentery. and coronary arteries.Microscopically, the neoplastic nodules had abundant fibrous stroma. The ducts of the mammary gland tumors contained neoplastic epithelial cells that often completely filled the lumens ( fig. 2). Central necrosis of solid cords of cells was common. Penetration of neoplastic cells through basement membranes into the stroma was a prominent fea- ture of the tumor. The individual tumor cells varied from round to oval to irregular with distinct outlines and generally abundant, often vacuolated, basophilic cytoplasms. The nuclei were large, round to irregular, often eccentrically located and contained distinct, frequently multiple, nucleoli. Mitotic figures were common ( fig. 3). Tumor cells were seen in lymphatics and vascular spaces. Neoplastic cells infiltrated into adjacent mammary adipose tissue, and were present in the cerebrum, regional lymph nodes, ovary, coronary arteries, skin, mesentery, adrenals, lungs, liver, kidneys and eye ( fig. 4).Tumor tissue from the mammary gland, lung, liver, and axillary lymph nodes was ...
Abs tract. T hicke ned hyalin e tr ache al membra ne simila r to that which occurs with severa l respira to ry co nditions in man was seen in Rhe su s mo nkeys. Th e memb ran e was cosinophili c a nd up to 50.4 urn thic k. Freq uentl y eosino phils a nd ma st ce lls were seen in the trach ea l mucosa a nd submucos a. Us ing fluore scent microscop y, IgG, B 1C, B1A a nd a lbumin were identifi ed in the membran e. Electro n microscop y sho wed tha t the membra ne was co mposed of I8.8-nm co llage n-like fibr ils wit h occasional peri odicity. T he ca use of the thicke ned hyalin e tr acheal mem bran e could not be determ ined . T he cha nges pr oba bly represent a response to mild repe a ted or co nti nuou s trac hea l inj ury ow ing to a variety of causes. De linea tion of the ca use of this pr oce ss in non hu ma n primat es may hclp in the understan d ing of respirato ry diseases in man.Thicken in g of th e trach eal basem ent membran e occ ur s in a va riety o f human d iseases such as asth ma , chro nic b ron chit is, Loeffler's sy nd ro me a nd p ulmo nary allergic gra nu lo ma tosis [2-4, 6, II , 14]. In these d iseases it s pa thoge nes is a nd importan ce a re un kn own , but it may be a resp on se o f the tra chea to chro nic mu co sal injury. The th ickened membran e is co m posed o f hyal ine mat eri al a nd is ind uce d by a hype rsen siti vit y sta te [3]. Immunoglobul ins have been identifi ed in thi ck en ed br onchi al ba sem ent membranes [4, I I].Other ca uses o f trach eal ba sement membran e thi ck enin g a re endopa rasites, whi ch a re rep orted to produce hyper sen siti vity [7,13]. Vermin ou s pn eumonia in sea lion s [7] often is acco mp a n ied by a n eosi no philic hyalin e materi al adj acent to th e ba sement membran e o f th e trach ea a nd large br on chi . lnfrequentl y, hum an asthma has been a tt ributed to inh al ati on o f hou se mit es in du st , w h ich th en act a s a so urce o f allergen as d o non-li vin g materi al s [8].Snee zing a nd co ug hi ng a re associated with acariasis in O ld W orld prim at es[10] ; but no a lle rgic sy nd ro me o r tr ach eal basem ent thi ck en ing was rep o rt ed .Thi s paper describes t hicke ned tr ach eal basem ent membra nes in 90 Rh esu s monkeys.
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