ALTHOUGH vesical bilharziasis is extremely common in this country, especially among the African population, it is unusual to find much spread to the lower urinary or genital tract, and contrary to the experience of Makar (1955), it is seldom found in the epididymis or testis. In the course of numerous biopsies carried out to elucidate the nature of chronic epididymitis, I have found Schistosoma hmmatobium on only one occasion, an experience shared by Honey and Gelfand (1 960). Fig. 1 .-Excised testis. Fig. 2.-Bilharzial pseudo-tubercles, showing dead ova and giant cell. ( -90.) Fig. 3.-Ova of S. hematobiurn ; the terminal spine shows clearly on the unbroken ovum. ( x 365.) FIG. 1 FIG. 2 220 FIG. 3
SUMMARY
Clinical and pathological findings in a series of cases of bladder cancer are evaluated. Reasons for the poor results of treatment are discussed.
Possible ætiological factors, particularly bilharziasis, are examined.
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