To follow the progression of HIV seropositivity among heterosexual adults at risk for HIV infection in the country of Rwanda prospectively, up to 100 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were tested each month from 1988 to 1991 at the health centre of Biryogo, which is located in a very crowded sector of the capital city, Kigali. Each patient had a blood sample tested anonymously for the presence of HIV antibodies. HIV seropositivity was defined as a reactive ELISA test combined to a reactive Western blot test. The overall HIV seropositivity among the 2058 subjects tested was 61%. It was higher (73%) among the 688 women tested as compared to the 1362 men tested (55%; P < 0.001). The per cent HIV seropositivity did not increase between 1988 and 1991, neither among the male nor among the female clinic attenders. However, the per cent seropositivity was higher in the older age groups, especially among the males. This exceedingly high proportion of HIV-infected STD patients in Kigali re-emphasizes the urgent need to include STD treatment, prevention and control among the priority actions for decreasing HIV transmission in African towns. Also, as the per cent seropositivities did not show any trend to increase over the 4-year period considered, we propose that our intensive HIV serosurveillance strategy among STD patients in Kigali be modified, since the plateau of HIV infection appears to have been attained in this particular high-risk population.
Titulo en ingles: Transversal seroepidemiological survey on toxoplasma Gondii for veterinary doctors in the municipality of Villavicencio, MetaRESUMEN: Se determinó la seroprevalencia a Toxoplasmosis para IgM e IgG en Médicos Veterinarios (n=86) del municipio de Villavicencio y se evaluaron algunos factores de riesgo. Los niveles de anticuerpos anti-toxoplasma gondii para IgG e IgM fueron medidos por ELISA indirecta con el Kit Humano de BiokitR. La seroprevalencia fue 4.6% IgM, 44.1% IgG y 2.32% compartida para IgM-IgG. No se encontró asociación estadística entre la infección y los factores de riesgo, como género, edad, manipulación de animales y tenencia de mascotas. Se encontró diferencia significativa (p< 0.001) en las UI de IgG/ml entre veterinarios que laboran en clínicas veterinarias los que desempeñan otras actividades. La infección por Toxoplasma en Médicos Veterinarios al igual que otros grupos humanos sugiere una presentación endémica, asociada posiblemente a deficientes medidas higiénico sanitarias y hábitos alimenticios, hecho que requiere mayor investigación epidemiológica.Palabras clave: Seroprevalencia, Toxoplasmosis, factores de riesgo, Enfermedad ocupacional, zoonosis. ABSTRACT: The prevalence for Toxoplasmosis was determined for IgM and IgG in Veterinary doctors (n=86) in the municipality of Villavicencio, Meta, while also evaluating some risk factors. The levels of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies for IgM and IgG were measured by indirect ELISA with the Human Kit from Biokit. Seroprevalence was 4.6% IgM, 44.1% IgG and 2.32% shared for IgM- IgG. No statistical association between infection and risk factors such as gender, age, animal manipulation or pet ownership was found. ignificant difference (p<0.001) in the UI of IgG/ml was found between veterinarians working at clinics and those dedicated to other activities. The Toxoplasma gondii infection in veterinarians, as in other human groups, uggests endemic presentation possibly associated with defficient hygienic sanitary measures and feeding habits, fact that requires further epidemic research
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