The diagnostics functions of neutron measurements as well as the roles played by neutron yield monitors, cameras and spectrometers are reviewed. The importance of recent developments in neutron emission spectroscopy (NES) diagnostics is emphasized. Results are presented from the NES diagnosis of the Joint European Torus (JET) plasmas performed with the magnetic proton recoil (MPR) spectrometer during the first deuterium tritium experiment of 1997 and the recent trace tritium experiment of 2003. The NES diagnostic capabilities at JET are presently being enhanced by an upgrade of the MPR (MPRu) and a new 2.5 MeV time-of-flight (TOF) neutron spectrometer (TOFOR). The principles of MPRu and TOFOR are described and illustrated with the diagnostic role they will play in the high performance fusion experiments in the forward programme of JET largely aimed at supporting the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The importance of the JET NES effort for ITER is discussed.
Proton-induced nuclide formation from lead / Integral cross section measurements / Nuclear model calculations / Nuclear reaction mechanismsSummary. Some new cross sections for proton-induced radionuclide formation from lead are presented. The results extend the previous measurements from about 70 MeV down to threshold energies. Emphasis was placed upon an improved method of γ -ray spectrum analysis which proved to be reliable and effective. The new results are compared with model calculations on the basis of an improved hybrid model of preequilibrium reactions which is able to reproduce the near target products very well. But for more than 6 emitted nucleons, experimental measurements are superior.
A new control and monitoring (C&M) system is being developed for the TOFOR and MPRu fusion neutron spectrometers within the Joint European Torus enhancement program. The system, which is an evolution of the existing C&M system of the MPR spectrometer, consists of a controlled pulsed light source distributed by an optical fiber network to all photomultiplier tubes used in the plastic scintillator based spectrometers. The light source is a green Nd:LSB solid-state laser complemented by blue light emitting diode sources. Pulse height distributions for each detection channel are recorded to set the spectrometers to prescribed working points and monitor deviations. Absolute reference is obtained complementing the controlled light source with radioactive sources. In this article we report on the C&M prototype design and component tests for the MPRu spectrometer. The results show that the laser and the associated optics provide a controlled light pulse of intensity covering a dynamic range of more than four orders of magnitude. The choice of optical fiber diameters is critical for achieving the desired stability and uniformity of the light intensity collected by each MPRu detector.
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