This study describes how computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to design the directional stability components as well as the identifying the proper placement and orientation of the canard and strut to achieve the desired down force and stability of the American Challenger racecar. Under development by Bill Fredrick, the missile-shaped, rocket-powered car is intended to break the World Land Speed Record, achieving a top speed greater than 800 mph. Designing a transonic car presents many unique challenges that are almost never encountered by land vehicles or aircraft. The CFD++ flow solver has the necessary attributes to handle ground effects at transonic speeds. CFD++ is also used in the selection of a rear strut profile and the positioning of the canard to achieve the desired pitching characteristics and aerodynamic loading. Following completion of these phases, the directional stability was examined at several sideslip angles and through a large range of speeds. While directional stability is easily achieved at low to mid-subsonic speeds, the changes in flow characteristics as the vehicle transitions to transonic speeds can yield drastic changes in surface force distribution. Conversely, design modifications that improve performance in the transonic regime can compromise stability at lower speeds. The current study also focuses on the process of designing and positioning the vertical tail to achieve adequate vehicle stability throughout the drive envelope. The use of CFD++ simulations with both propulsion on and off have helped to ensure that the vehicle will have the desired dynamic characteristics at all phases of the record breaking attempts: acceleration, record phase, and deceleration to full stop.
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