Garlic oil has a strong antibacterial activity against a wide range of gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria as well as, antifungal properties. This study aimed to assess the effects of spraying fertile hatching eggs of Japanese quail with garlic oil solution on embryonic development, hatchability, physiological parameters, post-hatch chick growth and bacterial load on eggshell surface. Four hundred hatching eggs of Japanese quails were equally divided into four treatment groups. Eggs of the first group served as a control group without any treatment. Also, eggs of the second group served as a control but sprayed only with distilled water. Eggs of the third and fourth groups were sprayed by 1ml/liter and 2ml/liter garlic oil solution, respectively. Embryo weight, shank length, body length as well as, chick weight, chick shank length, chick body length and hatchability tended to be higher significantly (P<0.05) in eggs treated with garlic oil solutions when compared with control eggs. While hatch time, embryonic mortality, egg albumen weight ratio, egg shell thickness and egg weight loss ratio at 14 days of incubation were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in eggs sprayed with garlic oil solutions when compared with control eggs. Blood hematological parameters (RBCs, Hb and PCV), plasma total protein, albumin, total lipids, hormones, immunoglobulin G (IgG) were significantly increased (p<0.05), while plasma glucose was decreased. There was no effects on plasma cholesterol compared to control. WBCs count was slightly increased in number in response to spraying with garlic oil solution. Carcass constituents of chicks at hatch and growth performance (body weight, feed intake and body weight gain) of chicks at 14 days of age recorded significant higher values and improved feed conversion in response to spraying with garlic oil solutions. In contrast, yolk residual of chicks at hatch was lower than control group. Application of garlic oil had significant influence on TBC on the surface of egg shell either at one week or after two weeks of incubation compared to control groups. Intestinal total aerobic, anaerobic microflora counts and the count of total coliform of chicks were decreased. In conclusion, Spraying Japanese quail eggs with garlic oil solution as natural disinfectants (pre-incubation) is a good way to improve embryonic development, hatchability, blood constituents, hormones and immunity of hatching chicks and lowering the bacterial contamination of eggshell surface of quail eggs.
This study was carried out at Sakha Experimental Station, belonging to Animal Production Research Institute to evaluate the effects of oxytocin ( OT) and prostaglandin (PG) administration within 6-12 h of calving on uterine involution and reproductive efficiency of lactating Friesian cows. Total of 15 multiparous Friesian cows with normal parturition averaging 400-650 kg live body weight, 2-7 parities and 2.5-3.5 body condition score were used in this study. Animals were divided into three groups, 5 animals in each. Animals in the 1 st group were i.m. injected with saline solution (control). Animals in the 2 nd and 3 rd groups were administrated with an i.m. injection of 50 IU OT and 3 ml PG (Estromate). Animals in all groups were administrated during the same injection schedule (6-12 h of calving). Routine examination of the genitalia per rectum was conducted once weekly to judge the uterine involution by ultrasonography to determine diameter of uterine horns (gravid and non-gravid), uterine body, length and diameter of cervix and vaginal length. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation on day 45 post-insemination, days open (DO) and number of services per conception (NSC) were recorded. Results showed that diameter of non-gravid horns showed insignificantly slight reduction during postpartum period in each group. Diameter of gravid horns decreased (P<0.05) up to day 35 in control group, versus days 21 and 28 of post-partum in OT and PG groups, respectively. Diameter of the uterine body reduced (P<0.05) in OT and PG up to day 21 of post-partum as compared to day 28 in the control group, thereafter uterine horn diameter showed insignificant reduction in each group. Cervical length and diameter reduced (P<0.05) up to day 28 in the control group versus day 21 in OT and PG groups. The changes in vaginal length were not significant during post-partum in each group. Period elapsed from parturition to detectable symmetrical uterine horns was shorter in OT and PG groups (29.9 and 28.4 d) than in the control group (33.7 d), respectively. However, nearly complete cervical closure occurred earlier in treatment groups (26.8 d for OT and 25.5 d for PG groups) than in the control one (28.6 d), but the differences were not significant. It is of interest to note that resumption of vaginal length had the same duration, being on day 14 of post-partum period in all groups. Conception rate (CR) within 120 days of post-partum period was 66.7, 80 and 40% in OT, PG and control groups, respectively. Increasing CR of cows in PG group was associated with greater NSC (1.5 services) and longer DO (79.8 d) than those in the control group (1.0 service and 47.5 d, respectively). However, cows in OT group showed greater NSC and longer days open (2.5 services and 80.5 d., respectively).In conclusion, prostaglandin treatment within 6-12 h of calving (i.m. injection of 3 ml Estromate) as a purpose of stimulating involution had pronounced effect on the duration of uterine involution and improving reproductive performance of Friesian cows in ter...
ne hundred and eight 8 wk-old Japanese quail were distributed randomly into six different dietary treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial with three replicates, each containing 6 birds (2 males and 4 females), assigning experimental unit to investigate the effect of vinegar (acetic acid) and date residues (date's by-product) on egg production, fertility and hatchability percentages, some physiological characteristics, blood parameters, hormones, antioxidant indices and immunity parameter. Average temperature ranged between 40°C and 43°C with 50 % relative humidity from 8 to 14 weeks of age. Dietary treatments were date residues levels (0 and 10%) supplemented into diets with three levels of acetic acid (0.0, 0.5 and 1ml /liter water) in drinking water. Results showed that dates residues and vinegar (acetic acid) and interactions between them had significant effect on all the productive performance (egg weight, egg production, egg mass/hen/day, feed conversion as (g feed/g egg)) and improved significantly (P<0.05) fertility and hatchability percentages while decreased significantly (P<0.05) non pipping embryos (%) and embryonic mortality (%). All treatments and interactions between them increased significantly some blood hematological, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant indices and immunity parameter and hormones of quail, i.e., total protein, albumin, total lipids, HDL, GPX ,GSH, SOD, IgG, progesterone and T3, T4 hormones, but WBCs count in all treatments were slightly increased in number, while serum cholesterol, glucose concentrations, AST and ALT were decreased significantly (P<0.05) birds' in compared with control group. The nutrients digestibility were improved by treatment groups and interactions between them. The counts of total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and total coliform of chick intestinal were decreased due to add different treatments compared with the control. In conclusion, It may be the application of date residues 10% (in feed) with vinegar (acetic acid) in drinking water (0.5 or 1ml/liter) improved the productive performance such as egg production, fertility, hatchability percentages, some physiological parameters and nutrients digestibility of laying Japanese quail during summer season.
Aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of Zinc and Selenium on extender as antioxidants to improve Friesian-bull semen quality after cryopreservation. Semen was collected, pooled, and extended with five treatment extenders, including control without (E1), 0.3 mg/100ml Zn (E2), 0.6 mg/100ml Zn (E3), 0.2 mg/100ml Se (E4), and 0.5 mg/100ml Se (E5). Semen was evaluated for visual parameters after dilution, equilibration, and thawing. Also, semen was evaluated by CASA only after thawing. Results showed that there are no effects of all additives on sperm characteristics after dilution and thawing. Only visual progressive motility percentage increased (P<0.05) post-equilibration by E5. Percentages of acrosome integrity were enhanced by E4 and E5. Semen analysis by CASA revealed that non-motility, and total and head abnormalities percentages were decreased (P<0.05), while vitality, and total and rapid progressive motility percentages were increased (P<0.05) by E5. Dynamic sperm parameters straightness and wobble) were increased (P<0.05) E5. In conclusion, adding selenium at a level of 0.5 mg/100ml to extender of cryopreserved Friesian-bull semen ha beneficial effects on maintaining sperm parameters and improved sperm freezability. This may be used as a tool for improving cryopreserved semen in artificial insemination centers.
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