ABSTARCTMan's activities on the environment often results in pollution and degradation of water bodies. Water bodies must therefore be jealously guided and protected from being polluted, which will affect water quality and availability for desired usage. Causes of water quality impairment are urban and rural storm water runoff, inadequate waste water treatment, nutrient entrophication, atmospheric deposition and acid rain, pollutant in sediments and fish, and nuisance aquatic weed growth and invasive species. Other factors include unhygienic disposal and inadequate treatment of human and livestock wastes, indecent management and treatment of industrial residues, inappropriate agricultural practices and unsafe solid waste discharge. Suggested strategies to combat water quality problems which should form the basis of policy solution for improving water quality include: (i) prevention of pollution; (ii) treatment of polluted water; (iii) safe use of waste water; and (iv) restoration and protection of ecosystem. It is recommended that our water bodies and the environment in general should be protected through appropriate legislation guidelines and public literacy campaign and mass education to sensitize, educate and make the people a fully environmentally literate society. Taking these steps internationally, nationally and locally will mean better water quality for our present society and future generation.
Man’s activities on the environment often results in pollution and degradation of water bodies. Water bodies must therefore be jealously guided and protected from being polluted, which will affect water quality and availability for desired usage. Causes of water quality impairment are urban and rural storm water runoff, inadequate waste water treatment, nutrient entrophication, atmospheric deposition and acid rain, pollutant in sediments and fish, and nuisance aquatic weed growth and invasive species. Other factors include unhygienic disposal and inadequate treatment of human and livestock wastes, indecent management and treatment of industrial residues, inappropriate agricultural practices and unsafe solid waste discharge. Suggested strategies to combat water quality problems which should form the basis of policy solution for improving water quality include: (i) prevention of pollution; (ii) treatment of polluted water; (iii) safe use of waste water; and (iv) restoration and protection of ecosystem. It is recommended that our water bodies and the environment in general should be protected through appropriate legislation guidelines and public literacy campaign and mass education to sensitize, educate and make the people a fully environmentally literate society. Taking these steps internationally, nationally and locally will mean better water quality for our present society and future generation.
The importation of refractory materials is one of the biggest challenges industries faced in third world countries, of which Nigerian is one of them. The addition of palm bunch ash to clay in the production of clay bricks is one of the ways refractory materials are produced. The clay used here was Nsu clay. This work looked at the compressive strength of refractory bricks which is one of the properties of refractory materials. The work eliminates the traditional methods of trial and error and the rigorous mathematical analysis associated with the formation of some regression models in the prediction of some properties of refractory bricks. This was achieved by the use of Surface Response method. A regression model to predict the strength of a refractory brick was formulated, the model was found to be adequate based of the analysis of variance in which the Rsq, Rsq (adjusted) and Rsq (prediction) were found to be adequate, hence the model can be used to predict the compressive strength of refractory bricks. The optimal compressive strength was found to be 30.1513KN/m2 at a ratio of 1:0.2570 at a water/clay ratio of 4.2590. Also, from the results it can be seen that the compressive strength of bricks decrease with increase in the percentages of palm bunch ash.
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