The COVID-19 pandemic is increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes may have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we will examine the impact of reappraisal, a widely studied and highly effective form of emotion regulation. Participants from 55 countries (expected N = 25,448) will be randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing), an active control condition, or a passive control condition. We predict that both reappraisal interventions will reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions relative to the control conditions. We further predict that reconstrual will decrease negative emotions more than repurposing, and that repurposing will increase positive emotions more than reconstrual. We hope to inform efforts to create a scalable intervention for use around the world to build resilience during the pandemic and beyond.
The time series of weather pattern type were produced by Dr. P. F. Lester and Mr. M. Surton and their team of weather pattern analysts at the San Jose State University under contract to the Pacific North~t1est Laboratory ( PNL). Accurate classifications and the tabulation of numerical data from surface weather charts require persistent interest and enthusiasm as well as the ability to learn and to apply many concepts of synoptic meteorology. The following individuals possessed these qualities to the extent that this project was successful: G
A recent innovation in measuring inequality is the incorporation of adjustments to top incomes using data from tax authorities, revealing higher inequality. The thesis of this paper is that the incorporation of estimates of income from illicit financial flows (IFF), reflecting untaxed capital, may be as significant to national inequality – but with greater variation across countries. We propose a method of adjusting national inequality data for illicit flows, and present preliminary results. These estimates suggest that untaxed illicit flows could be as important as (taxed) top incomes to estimates of inequality – highlighting the importance of improving estimates of underlying illicit flows.
A large gravity low of about -40 mGals lies over Hualapai Valley, which is within the transition zone between the Basin and Range province and the Colorado Plateau in northwestern Arizona. The low represents a bedrock depression containing several thousand feet of Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and deposits of halite and other evaporites. Data indicate that a salt body, as much as 8 km (5 mi) wide and 1830 m (6000 ft) thick lies below 460 m (1500 ft) of sediment in the center of the valley. The gravity data suggest that the salt extends over a distance of 19 km (12 mi).
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