Watching motion pictures may be sickening and posturally destabilising, but effects in a cinema are unknown. We, therefore, carried out an observational study showing that sickness then is mainly an issue during the exposure while postural instability is an issue afterwards.
Sharing and re-using design knowledge is a challenge for the diverse multi-disciplinary research and development teams that work on complex and highly automated systems. For this purpose, a situated Cognitive Engineering (sCE) methodology was proposed that specifies and assesses the functional user requirements with their design rationale in a coherent and concise way. This paper presents this approach for the development of human-robot collaboration, focusing on a recently added component: the application of interaction design patterns to capture and share design knowledge on the shape of the human-robot interaction (i.e., the communication level). The sCE case study in the urban search and rescue domain provided the specification and assessment of functions and shape of a team-awareness display. Twenty fire fighters participated as operator of a ground or aerial robot, in several realistic earth quake scenarios to assess the functions and shapes of this display in different settings. It showed that the functions (i.e., the task level requirements and rationale) were valid, while the shape (communication level) was (yet) suboptimal. Based on this evaluation result, a design improvement on the communication level has been proposed without the need to adjust the task-level design solution.
The aim of the collaborative European research project 'Simulation of UPset Recovery in Aviation' (SUPRA) is to develop breakthrough simulator technologies for teaching pilots to detect and recover from adverse flight upsets that could lead to unusual attitudes and lossof-control. In the project, the high-performance research simulator DESDEMONA is utilized, which integrates a flight simulator having a six-degrees-of-freedom motion platform with a sustained acceleration capability up to 3.0g. These characteristics result in improved simulation of motions encountered in upset conditions, compared to conventional fixed base or hexapod simulators. This paper describes a study consisting of two experiments to determine how accurate pilots can judge and reproduce a specific G-level in the DESDEMONA simulator, and respectively, how their control behavior depends on G-forces during unusual attitude recovery. In total seventeen civil pilots, without previous G-maneuvering experience, participated in the study. The results show that pilots without previous G-exposure tend to overestimate G-levels based on their seat-of-the-pants, resulting in performance below the target G-level. With minimum training, their performance instantly improved up to adequate level. However, a retest after six months showed that this improvement did not endure. With respect to aircraft control during recovery from a noselow unusual attitude, the pilots showed significantly better performance with G-cueing simulation, in terms of deviation from the target G-load, compared to fixed-base simulation in which they tend to 'over-G'. It can be concluded that G-cueing simulation results in improved upset recovery performance of civil pilots compared to Fixed-base simulation. Hence, simulation of upset recovery with G-cueing may result in more realistic and adequate recovery training.
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