A portion of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 shed the virus and its genetic material in respiratory fluids, saliva, urine, and stool, thus giving the potential to monitor for infections via wastewater. Wastewater surveillance efforts to date have largely assumed that stool shedding has been the primary source of SARS-CoV-2 RNA signal; however, there are increasing questions about the possible contribution of other shedding routes, with implications for wastewater surveillance design and feasibility. In this study we used clinical SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding data and a Monte Carlo framework to assess the relative contribution of various shedding routes on SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads in wastewater. Stool shedding dominated total SARS-CoV-2 RNA load for community-level surveillance, with mean contributions more than two orders of magnitude greater than other shedding routes. However, RNA loads were more nuanced when considering building-level monitoring efforts designed to identify a single infected individual, where any shedding route could plausibly contribute a detectable signal. The greatest source of model variability was viral load in excreta, suggesting that future modeling efforts may be improved by incorporating specific modeling scenarios with precise SARS-CoV-2 shedding data, and beyond that wastewater surveillance must continue to account for large variability during data analysis and reporting. Importantly, the findings imply that wastewater surveillance at finer spatial scales is not entirely dependent on shedding via feces for sensitive detection of infections thus enlarging the potential use cases of wastewater as a non-intrusive surveillance methodology.

Magnetic pinning effects of epitaxial LaxSr1−xMnO3 nanostructured thin films on YBa2Cu3O7−δ layers J. Appl. Phys. 112, 053919 (2012) Flux pinning and magnetic relaxation in Ga-doped LiFeAs single crystals J. Appl. Phys. 112, 053914 (2012) Spin state of iron-the control parameter of iron-containing HTSC: Dependence of ground state energy, phonon energies and atom positions on the spin state of iron ion in FeTe Low Temp. Phys. 38, 900 (2012) New application of temperature-dependent modelling of high temperature superconductors: Quench propagation and pulse magnetization J. Appl. Phys. 112, 043912 (2012)Analog of the susceptibility spectrum for levitation forces between a superconductor and a permanent magnet

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InP-based strained-well InGaAs/GaAsSb quantum well photodiodes with non-zero net strain can be used to extend detection wavelengths well into the mid-infrared region. However, excess dark current due to defects in the structure can be a performance limiting factor in photodiodes of this type. In this reported work, both low-frequency noise spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy were used to investigate traps in prototypical strained-well photodiode heterostructures. Two distinct traps were identified and their electrical and physical properties and distributions have been evaluated.

In this work, signatures of plasma waves in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors were observed by direct electrical measurement at room temperature. Periodic grating-gate device structures were fabricated and characterized by on-wafer G-band (140–220 GHz) s-parameter measurements as a function of gate bias voltage and device geometry. A physics-based equivalent circuit model was used to assist in interpreting the measured s-parameters. The kinetic inductance extracted from the measurement data matches well with theoretical predictions, consistent with direct observation of plasma wave-related effects in GaN-channel devices at room temperature. This observation of electrically significant room-temperature plasma-wave effects in GaN-channel devices may have implications for future millimeter-wave and THz device concepts and designs.

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