Multipath is one major error source in highaccuracy GNSS positioning. Various hardware and software approaches are developed to mitigate the multipath effect. Among them the MHM (multipath hemispherical map) and sidereal filtering (SF)/advanced SF (ASF) approaches utilize the spatiotemporal repeatability of multipath effect under static environment, hence they can be implemented to generate multipath correction model for real-time GNSS data processing. We focus on the spatial-temporal repeatability-based MHM and SF/ASF approaches and compare their performances for multipath reduction. Comparisons indicate that both MHM and ASF approaches perform well with residual variance reduction (50 %) for short span (next 5 days) and maintains roughly 45 % reduction level for longer span (next 6-25 days). The ASF model is more suitable for high frequency multipath reduction, such as high-rate GNSS applications. The MHM model is easier to implement for real-time multipath mitigation when the overall multipath regime is medium to low frequency.
The migration of the slab window in the Northern California Coast Ranges provides a unique setting to study the viscous coupling between crust and asthenosphere flow. The mechanisms of these dynamic processes are explained by the Mendocino Crustal Conveyor model, which predicts a 2‐D “double‐humped” surface uplift rate pattern on a 400 km long profile. To evaluate the Mendocino Crustal Conveyor (MCC) model using accurate geodetic measurements, we derive the vertical velocity field from 43 continuous GPS (CGPS) stations in the Coast Ranges region and project it onto the profile along three possible orientations of the slab window. The CGPS measured uplift rates are in good agreement with the MCC prediction, when the slab window orientation is parallel to the symmetry axis of the region of thickened crust. Thus, the CGPS solutions not only provide a complementary means to diagnose the MCC model but also provide an effective way to constrain the orientation of the slab window.
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