Suspended particles of PM 2.5 in air were sampled concurrently at an urban site and a rural site in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan, in the spring, the summer and the fall of 2005. All samples were analyzed to identify eight water-soluble ions, carbonaceous contents, and 19 metal elements.Measurements reveal that the overall means of PM 10 (and PM 2.5 ) are 59.2 (47.4) μg/m 3 at Pingtung (urban) site, and 63.6 (45.7) μg/m 3 at Chao-Chou (rural) site. Although both sites exhibited strong correlations (R = 0.98 at Pingtung, and R = 0.78 at Chao-Chou) between PM 10 and PM 2.5 masses, the mean PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio was 0.81 at Pingtung, higher than 0.68 at Chao-Chou, suggesting that relatively large bare lands and outdoor burning on farms may have caused more coarse particles to be present in PM 2.5 at a rural site (Chao-Chou) than at an urban site (Pingtung
The concentrations of twenty-one individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total suspended particles (TSP) were measured using high-volume air samplers at two sites (Tzuo-Yin and Hsiung-Kong) in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan for during four seasons from 2005 to 2006. The gaseous and particulate phases of individual PAHs were identified using a gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC/FID). The deposition fluxes of airborne particles at the two sites were measured with dry deposition plates. The results show that the concentrations of total (gas + particulate) PAHs generally followed the seasonal variations of the concentrations of TSP (107.18-117.09 μg/m 3 ), being the highest in winter (143.9-182.9 ng/m 3 ) and lowest in summer (81.4-95.2 ng/m 3 ) at both sites. The differences in the results at the two sites are mainly attributed to the different industries at each site. The mean deposition fluxes of airborne particles were between 182.2 and 195.3 mg/m 2 -day, with a dry deposition velocity of 2.00−2.04 cm/s. Most PAH species were low-weight PAHs (approximately 80.8-82.0%), followed by high-weight PAHs (10.5-14.6%) and medium-weight PAHs (6.5-6.8%). The fractions of gaseous PAHs decreased with molecular weight or ring number. The particle phase (60.2−73.5%) dominated the high-weight PAHs.
This study presents a compound optical film to improve luminance and uniformity to apply in side-LED (light-emitting diode) backlight module. LIGA (lithographie galvanoformung abformung) technology, soft lithography, and homemade gray scale mask were combined to fabricate microlens array. Optical film with variable size microlens array embedded with microvoids was designed and manufactured. FRED software was used to simulate optical performance. Microvoids were quantitatively embedded in the PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) optical film. Under the quantitative control of air pressure, those microvoids inside the optical film can cause light diffusion. The compound optical film with embedded microvoids, multiaspect ratio, and variable size microlens array can be fabricated quickly without substrate. Luminance colorimeter BM-7A from TOPCON was used to carry out the optical measurement. According to the measured data, the compound optical film with embedded microvoids can enhance the luminance up to 5% and the uniformity up to 6.5% ~ 8.4%. The optical efficiency can be improved via the compound optical film.
This study mainly used Electrospraying and Taguchi method to investigate the optimum process of piezoelectric Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods parameters. Zinc oxide seed layer was electrosprayed on Au/Chromium/Silicon substrates. The electric field is around 660 V/mm. In this study, ZnO was made in an array to characterize. We used X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to characterize the morphology and luminescence of ZnO nanorods. The result showed that with higher and longer of annealing temperature and time. Furthermore, this study was obtained optimum height at 3~5 um of piezoelectric Zinc Oxide nanorods by adopting the process of hydrothermal for 14 hours and with 90 degrees Celsius.
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