Rational scale‐up of fluidized beds to commercial size requires an understanding of the operation of the grid support plate. One aspect of grid behavior has been studied experimentally; namely, the momentum dissipation of vertical air jets within an 11 inch diameter bed of fluidized cracking catalyst. Nozzle diameters were varied from ¼ to 1½ in. and nozzle velocities from 50 to 300 ft./sec. The data have been found to fit a general correlation relating the normalized axial momentum of the jet to a modified Froude number. The significance of the correlation to the process and design engineer is briefly discussed.

No abstract

The froth flotation recovery of titanium, zirconium, iron and rare earth minerals from oil-sand tailings and their further beneficiation are described in this paper. The recovery of rare earth mineral value from these tailings has not been reported previously due to their low concentrations. The economic value of all of these minerals recovered in this way has been estimated to be almost double the cost of full effective tailings management. Adoption of these processes can eliminate the current unsound practice of simply storing these tailings behind high dykes in large lagoons.

No abstract

The kinetics of heavy mineral and bitumen recovery from oilsand tailings are presented. The results show that the recovery rates for titanium, zirconium and bitumen were affected by addition of surfactants Tretolite F46 and E3453. Recoveries were a function of time and of the minerals and bitumen present.