Recently developed photonic components for next-generation datacenter systems based on HHI´s PolyBoard integration platform are reviewed. Hybrid-integrated transmitters and receivers, including optical functionalities such as tunable lasers, polarization manipulators, 1x2 switches and variable optical attenuators, are presented. The flexibility of those devices provides the possibility of generating, routing and detecting multiple optical data flows, offering the potential of aggregating traffics of 1 Tb/s and beyond. In addition, vertically-stacked polymer waveguide structures are presented, opening the way towards the third dimension in photonic integration and allowing increasing the transmission capacity beyond the physical limit of standard single mode fibers. The freedom in the arrangement of the polymer waveguides allow for the matching to different multi-core fiber types, providing the possibility of processing in parallel the different optical flows. By means of micro-machining 45° mirrors on the different stack levels, the 3D stacked waveguide structure can act as an interface between multi-core fibers and planar optoelectronic devices such as photodiodes and laser diodes. Furthermore, a novel concept for a 4x4 three-dimensional optical switch based on 3D multi-mode interferometers is presented and numerically proven, showing potential for its application as interface between multi-core fibers and planar optoelectronic devices, as well as offering the possibility of reconfigurable NxN switching matrices
A graphene-based electro-absorption modulator has been integrated into a passive polymer waveguide platform for the first time. The opto-electronic properties of the structure are investigated with numerical simulations and measurements of a fabricated device. The graphene layers transferred to the polymer substrate were analyzed by means of Raman spectroscopy and the results indicate a high crystalline quality of the two-dimensional material. The voltage-dependent transmission through a 25 µm long device has been measured in the telecommunications-relevant wavelength range between 1500 nm and 1600 nm yielding an extinction ratio of 0.056 dB/µm
In this paper we explain how to use rate equations to describe a laser that includes integrated optical feedback. We find a relation between the threshold current, the voltage drop at the gain section, output power, linewidth, and side mode suppression ratio, and show experimental results.
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