Sorption of aniline by montmorillonite was studied by infra‐red, X‐ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis methods. The amount of aniline sorbed and the type of bonding depend upon the interlayer cations: anilinium, H+‐ and Al3+‐ give anilinium aniline ions, NH44‐ammonium aniline ions, alkalis and alkaline earths except Cs are bonded to aniline through water bridges and transition metal cations are coordinated to aniline partly directly and partly through water bridges. Sorption does not occur in the complete absence of water.
Sorption of methylene blue by montmorillonite is a cation exchange reaction, but the replacement is not stoichiometric. The degree of dispersion of the clay and the interlayer cations initially present influence the amount of dye sorbed and the nature of the reaction products.
Differential thermal analysis curves were obtained for a series of diamine and glycol complexes with natural and copper substituted montmorillonite, in air and in an inert atmosphere. Thermobalance curves of the diamine-clay systems were also determined. The exothermic peaks observed in air are characteristic for any particular system and reflect the nature and binding of the interlamellar material; no direct correlation was, however, observed with pyrolysis and oxidation processes in the clay. Organic matter is frequently liberated from the clay before oxidation, which then occurs within the reaction cell but outside the clay phase. The extent to which oxidation is completed at any particular temperature depends upon the supply of oxygen and the amount of organic material present.
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