Zur Analyse des Steroidhormonrezeptorenstatus kolorektaler Karzinome wurde der Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptorgehalt von 26 aufeinanderfolgenden Tumoren bestimmt. In alien Proben lag die Estradiol-Rezeptorbindungskapazität unterhalb des meßtechnischen Cut-offs von 2 fmol/mg Cytosolprotein. In 4 von 26 Tumorproben (15%) waren Progesteron-Rezeptorspiegel zwischen 13 und 23 fmol/ mg Cytosolprotein nachweisbar. Aufgrund des Nachweises von Stero-idhormonrezeptoren in einigen Fallen und vereinzelter Berichte in der Literatur über Remissionen unter Hormontherapie kolorektaler Karzinome scheinen weitere In-vitro- und In-vivo-Versuche angezeigt, die Hormonabhängigkeit des kolorektalen Karzinoms zu erhellen.
Parietal hernias, often also known as Littre's hernia and Richter's hernia, are a special kind of inguinal hernias. In this type of hernia, part of the abdominal (intestinal) wall is strangulated in "calotte form" in the hernial orifice; as a result, parietal hernias often cause only mild complaints and are surgically treated only in the late stage of enterocutaneous faecal fistula. In contrast to incarcerated inguinal hernias resulting in diffuse faecal peritonitis via infarction and necrosis, parietal hernia of the Richter type is locally restricted in extension because of the narrow hernial orifice, as far as the extension into the abdominal cavity is concerned; intestinal patency is usually maintained. The possibility of the existence of a perforated parietal hernia should always be considered in necrotising inflammations in the inguinal and vulvar regions, even if abdominal signs and symptoms are absent.
The authors report on the case of a 12-year-old girl on whom surgery was performed for primary carcinoma of the rectum with a case history of one year. The tumour had already infiltrated the vagina. Abdominoperineal amputation of the rectum was performed. An extended tumour relapse and metastases in the liver were found on relaparotomy which had to be performed three years later The prognosis was, therefore, unfavourable indeed. Numerous publications prove that carcinoma of the rectum must be given differential diagnostic consideration even in childhood, especially if there are unclear deposits of blood in the faeces in conjunction with abdominal pain and loss of weight. Usually, the "fatal pause" between the first symptoms and the correct diagnosis is too long. Once the disease has progressed to an advanced stage, carcinoma of the rectum has a very unfavourable prognosis even in children. Simple digito-rectal examination can decisively improve the survival rate.
Twenty-eight fractures of the neck of the femur occurred in children between 1963 and 1982 were treated and followed up at the Pediatric Surgical Hospital of the University of Mainz. Three children had transepiphyseal fractures (type I), eight children transcervical fractures (typ II), six children cervicobasal fractures (typ III), and eleven children pertrochanteric fractures (typ IV). Surgical intervention was performed in fifteen children, and thirteen children were submitted to conservative treatment. The results were evaluated according to a new system considering troubles, mobility, and X-ray findings. The evaluation showed good results in twenty children, bad results in two children, and satisfactory results in one child. Five children could not be evaluated. Complications necessitating an osteotomy with change of the bone position were only seen after conservative treatment. The therapeutic procedure applied in order to prevent the most severe complication, i.e. the aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, is pointed out.
We have studied 438 patients radiologically in order to observe the so-called "radius-capitellum axis". In about a quarter of people with normal elbows the axis passes lateral to the middle portion of the capitellum, so that even when there is marked deviation, there is no certainty that the humero-radial joint is abnormal. Deviation of the axis can be caused by changes in the shape of the capitellum or of the radius, or by distension of the capsule of the elbow joint, or by various changes in muscular pull.
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