Aim: To investigate the relationship between the microhabitat conditions and soil physico-chemical characters of Rafflesia plant communities and to determine similarities across Rafflesia habitats in Royal Belum State Park, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Methodology: The site of Rafflesia population and its microhabitat condition was collected by referring to the previous studies, in addition to interviewing the related parties. A plot study was constructed in each Rafflesia habitat in Royal Belum State Park, Perak and the soil sample was collected for estimating their characteristics. Results: Rafflesia population is distributed between 207 - 386 m asl, with the surface slope of 8 to 58° and located 1.0-450.0 m from nearby water sources. The percentage of clay has a strong influence in X-Ray and distance to water source affected the habitat in Sg. Ruok-Papan. Ca2+ was an important soil component in Sg. Kooi while in Sg. Gadong 2 and Sg. Selantan, nitrogen was the most important soil attribute. The dendrogram reveals Sg. Kooi and Sg. Gadong 1 were the most similar habitats while Sg. Ruok differed significantly in terms of the microhabitat and soil physicochemical conditions tested. Interpretation: This study shows that different plant communities favoured different conditions in terms of microhabitat condition and the physico-chemical characteristics of soil, despite being located within the same forest range. Since this study covered only small forest range, large sampling size which cover different forest area is needed to come to a conclusion regarding preference of Rafflesia plant communities towards its habitat.
The mangrove areas of the Klang Islands Forest Reserves, Selangor, have been declining in size and quality due to degazettement or removal from legal protection of the forest reserves and subsequent land reclamation and other development activities. Thus, surveys on mangrove flora and fauna were conducted to assess current status and identify impact of development. A list of mangrove flora and fauna is produced. Terrestrial vertebrates (mammals, birds and herpetofauna) surveyed revealed a total of 68 species (8 species of mammals, 57 species of birds and 3 species of reptiles). Species composition and total standing above-ground biomass of mangrove trees in ten 10 x 10 m plots, totalling 0.4 ha area, were estimated at Pulau Indah and Pulau Che Mat Zin. Both islands are within the Klang Islands Mangrove Forest Reserves (MFR), which have been declining in forest cover. The total number of individual trees recorded in all 10 plots was 222 from 10 species of three families i.e. Rhizophoraceae, Avicenniaceae and Meliaceae. Rhizophora apiculata was the most dominant tree species with an Important Value Index (IVI) of 28.2, contributed mainly from the density (77 trees). The total basal area of the trees was of 23.96 m 2 /ha with R. apiculata making up most of the total value of 6.96 m 2 /ha. The estimated total aboveground biomass of mangrove trees in this study was 2300.1 kg/0.1 ha with the highest contribution from R. apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The estimated biomass was very low compared to other pristine mangrove forest at Matang or Langkawi. The causal factors identified included clear-felling activity, coastal erosion caused by wave actions from ships, oil pollution, reclamation, and other development activities. ABSTRAKKawasan bakau di Hutan Simpan Pulau-pulau Klang, Selangor, semakin berkurangan daripada segi luas dan kualiti kerana sebahagian kawasan telah digazet atau dikeluarkan daripada kawasan hutan simpan untuk ditebusguna tanah atau untuk pembangunan lain. Oleh itu, tinjauan terhadap fauna bakau dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti status terkini dan impak pembangunan. Satu senarai flora dan fauna bakau dihasilkan. Vertebrat darat (mammalia, burung dan herpetofauna) yang ditinjau terdiri daripada sejumlah 68 spesies (8 spesies Mammalia, 57 spesies burung dan 3 spesies Reptilia). Komposisi spesies dan biojisim pokok bakau dalam 10 plot bersaiz 10 x 10 m, atau kawasan seluas 0.4 ha dianggarkan di Pulau Indah dan Pulau Che Mat Zin. Kedua-dua pulau merupakan sebahagian daripada Hutan Simpan Pulau Klang. Jumlah pokok bakau yang direkod dalam semua plot ialah 222 daripada 10 spesies dalam tiga famili i.e. Rhizophoraceae, Avicenniaceae and Meliaceae. Rhizophora apiculata ialah pokok yang paling dominan dengan Indek Nilai Kepentingan sebanyak 28.2, yang disumbang oleh kepadatan pokok spesies tersebut iaitu sebanyak 77. Jumlah keluasan pokok ialah 23.96 m 2 /ha, yang mana R. apiculata menyumbang nilai tertinggi iaitu 6.96 m 2 /ha. Anggaran jumlah biojisim pokok bakau di kawasan kajian ialah 2300.1 kg...
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