Since the late 1970s. Film Studies as a discipline within North America has come to display many of the signs of paradigmatic coherence. Polemics within the field are increasingly rooted in shared sets of terms and premises, and the theoretical developments produced over the last decade in influential journals such as Screen have trickled down to undergraduate text-books, and laterally into such hitherto isolated enterprises as the writing of corporate histories. For a discipline which suffered for decades from an eclecticism and discontinuity with few parallels elsewhere, this new coherence has brought a sense of community to the field, and an elusive academic respectability. At the same time, a heightened awareness of the political stakes within theoretical debates has. meant that a high level of vigilance exists concerning the acceptability of certain concerns and procedures within academic writing on film.
Between 1861 and 1910 Schönbein and Goppelsroeder made extensive use of ‘Capillaranalyse’ and demonstrated its potential application in the separation of pure dyes from intermediates and impurities, or from dye mixtures. Its successful operation is really dependent on partition phenomena. Since those early days, thin‐layer systems have been developed extensively. In spite of the rapid expansion of methods for the analysis of trace constituents based on gas chromatography that occurred during the 1960s and early 1970s, in the broader field of organic chemical analysis compounds that were non‐volatile or thermally unstable proved difficult to determine. This led to a renaissance of liquid chromatographic procedures, which are now well documented. Against a background of theory relating to adsorption and partition, an outline of appropriate equipment is provided, leading to consideration of both qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatographic analysis generally. Some applications relevant to the colour‐manufacturing and colour‐using industries are reviewed.
An apparatus is described for providing controlled mechanical agitation of chopped fibre in detergent liquors on a laboratory scale, employing relatively low liquor: fibre ratios. Thermostatic tenipertlt are control is provided, and by means of calibration graphs, temperature‐time conditions can be selected to follow industrial practice. An estimate is given of the accuracy of speed and temperature control.
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