Interfacial area in liquid‐liquid systems has been measured photographically. Precision and accuracy of the method have been shown to be better than 10%. To avoid tedium of counting drops, a simple light probe of easily reproducible design has been developed to measure the light transmission through the dispersions formed. A correlation of light transmittance with interfacial area is presented and its usefulness and limitations are discussed.
In this investigation a study was made of interfacial area produced in liquid-liquid systems in baffled cylindrical mixing vessels by the action of turbine impellers. The study was limited to consideration of o/w dispersions. In all cases the liquid height was set equal to the vessel diameter and equal volumes of the two phases were used. The impellers used were six-blade flat-blade turbines. Two methods of measuring interfacial area of O/W dispersions are presented-one photographic and the other making use of a correlation between light transmittance and interfacial area. The interfacial area-light transmittance method is described and its precision and accuracy established. This correlation was used to make interfacial area determinations on 17 systems the physical properties of which covered a wide range. Data were obtained for all systems in a 6-inch vessel and for four systems in 12-and 18-inch vessels also. A variety of impeller sizes and speeds were employed. The data obtained were correlated empirically as a complex function of the Weber number. The average deviation of the correlation is shown to be equivalent to that of the light transm.ittance-area correlation. The predicted effects of geometric and physical variables are shown to be logical. Observations on the inversion of O/w to W/O dispersions are made and the effect of this inversion on dispersion settling time noted. xii CHAPTER I
The literature on sodiumi, NaK, and bismuth liquid metal reactor fuel systems is reviewed to June 30, 1957. The various criteria which have been used for the selection of liquid metal fuel carriers are discussed. Corrosion information on each fuel carrier is sumrnarized and some discussion of the fabricability of components from possible materials of construction is included. Work done on the testing of various fuel concepts for each carrier is indicated. *However, at high temperatures and in large pipe sizes the heavy metals impose a substantial structural problem. Thus, a 10-inch bore pipe carries a bismuth load of about 330 lb/ft at 540 C. According to C. D. BoadleC-*-) much of the advantage of the low pressure of the reactor k lost in the high structural loads which must be supported in the piping if the heavier liquids aie employed^ (c) lack of appreciable gas evolution-in the aqueous homogeneous reactor deuterium and oxygen are formedj due to radiolytic decomposition of DgO. Since a research program directed at the development of fluid fuels for nuclear reactors might have important resultss a literature search was undertaken. This search covers the following general categories; sodiums sodiunn-potassium alloySs bismuth and its pertinent alloys, slurries in liquid metals, and liquid metal-fueled reactor concepts, A more extensive literature search would also have considered other possible liquid metal systems. Time limitations, however, dictated that con= sideration be restricted to sodium and bismuth systems. The literature was searched through June 30, 1957, Since that time, there has been a considerable volume of literature which is not covered in this report. Aqueous homogeneous and fused salt reactors were, in general, excluded from consideration. The plan which will be used in presenting this information is the following. The various criteria that have been used by other investigators for selection of liquid metal fuel carriers will be reviewed. The liquid metal carriers for the fuel will be used as a primary basis of dividing the information rather than considering, for example, slurries of uranium dioxide in all liquid metals. The reason for this is that the corrosion problem in handling liquid metal fuels is of great, if not controlling, importance, and this problem is largely a function of the carrier.
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