In the recent years, nanotechnology has been widely used in several fields regarding its rapid developments which create a lot of prospects for researchers and engineers. More specifically, replacement of conventional liquid with nanofluid is considered as an innovative solution to heat transfer problems. Keeping aforesaid pragmatism of nanofluid in view, we considered a time-dependent mathematical model to formulate the heat sink-source based Sutterby nanofluid model under thermophoretic and Brownian movements. New mass flux and melting boundary conditions are used for heat/mass transfer analyses. Moreover, Prandtl’s boundary-layer idea is employed for mathematical formulation. The leading nonlinear set of partial differential equations is transformed to nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations. Numeric outcomes are acquired through bvp4c algorithm, graphical results are found via MATLAB technique. Acquired numerical data shows that temperature of nanofluid boosts for greater thermophoretic and unsteady parameters. Intensification is measured in concentration distribution.
In this study, influence of non-Fourier’s heat flux in 2D Darcy Forchheimer flow of modified Eyring–Powell for a stretching sheet is discussed. Here, thermal conductivity of modified Eyring–Powell model depends upon temperature and porosity variable as well as Cattaneo–Christov heat-mass flux effects are also considered. By means of some suitable similarity transformations and simple BCs, coupled PDEs are transformed into a set of coupled ODEs. Resulting ODEs are solved by using bvp4c technique. The graphical results are obtained via MATLAB. The pictorial outcomes of some physical parameters are displayed. The acquired outcomes disclosed that temperature gradient decreases with the growing values of thermal relaxation parameter Prandtl number, while the concentration profile decreases for higher Lewis number.
Due to innumerable applications of nanofluid in heat transfer phenomena as well as engineering processes, the research on this innovative fluid over conventional fluid got popularity among researchers. Here, we have considered a non-Darcy porous surface medium for generalized Eyring–Powell fluid model under thermophoretic as well as Brownian movements. No mass flux phenomena along with heat sink-source and activation energy aspects are scrutinized; characteristics of random motion of fluid and thermophoresis diffusion characteristics for generalized Eyring–Powell fluid are examined briefly. The system of nonlinear PDEs is reduced to nonlinear ODEs by using the similarity variable technique; the numerical scheme bvp4c is used along with shooting technique. The physical aspects like flow of fluid, temperature profile, concentration for variation of concerned parameters have been computed and demonstrated pictorially with the help of graphs. It is observed that the velocity of nanofluid declines by increasing values of the power law index ([Formula: see text] and Eyring–Powell liquid parameters. Augmented values of Brownian moment, thermophoresis parameter as well as heat source rise with increase in temperature of nanofluid. The concentration profile of generalized Eyring–Powell nanofluid deteriorates for higher values of Schmidt number. Moreover, the transportation rate of heat declines against Pr, while it rises by increasing values of [Formula: see text].
The main purpose of this work is to investigate the innovation of flow of two-dimensional (2D) ferrofluid flow passing upon stretched surface having the effect of a magnetic dipole. The said problem is selected since its use is very common in biomedical as well as engineering applications together with systems of drug targeting under magnetic effects. The impacts of magnetic dipole along with radiation parameter in flow of ferromagnetic cross fluid for a stretched region are investigated in detail by use of suitable similarity variables the nonlinear, ODEs are obtained. The desired ODEs are resolved numerically by using RK fifth-order method parallel to shooting scheme. Impacts of ferromagnetic interaction, viscous dissipation, Curie temperature, and Buongiorno parameters with convective boundary conditions are perceived for velocity, temperature and concentration fields. Furthermore, the terms like velocity, mass transfer and thermal gradients are under consideration and pictorial scrutinizing is done. Moreover, temperature of ferromagnetic fluid upsurges for enlargement in the values of ferrohydrodynamics interaction and Curie temperature parameters. Concentration of ferrofluid reveals a contrary tendency against the parameters of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Owing to extensive application prospects of magnetized nanofluids, this area has received interest from engineers and researchers; nanofluids have a noteworthy preference over ordinary fluids.
Investigating the characteristics and distinctive qualities of non-Newtonian fluids, the Sutterby model magnificently represents the dilute polymer solution. Different advantages of diluted polymeric solutions are found in polymerized melts, agricultural sprayers, clay coaters, cleansing products and many more. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a numerical solution of heat and mass transfer for a 3D study flow of Sutterby fluid over a bidirectional expansion surface. The heat generation/absorption, thermophoretic and thermal radiation effects are also analyzed. The nonlinear main problem is enhanced and transformed into a symmetrical model by using the similarity approach. To solve our creating problem numerically, we use the bvp4c technique. The effects of the obtaining results are discussed in detail and plotted on the basis of physical parameters. An increase in the stretching parameter values can indicate a decline in the concentration field and also decrease the consequent concentration boundary layer thickness. There is a rapid decay of the concentration field in accordance with the thermophoretic parameter compared to the Schmidt number.
Recently, the polymer methodologies, in addition to polymer melt, are actually the rheological occurrences containing the normal stresses, non-Newtonian viscous influence and fluctuating with respect to the time elastic properties. The Sutterby liquid that defines the governing model for extremely polymeric aqueous solutions is amongst the utmost essential non-Newtonian liquids. The scientists have established a massive obligation to re-establish exhausting Sutterby nanofluids for heat transfer with respect to the numerous uses of nanofluids. Here, in this paper, the thought of Sutterby nanofluid considering the aspects of activation energy has been elaborated. Additionally, the heat sink/source and magnetic properties have been studied. The suitable conversions have been utilized to attain the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved via bvp4c algorithm. The study indicated that velocity field decays for magnetic factor; however, temperature field enhancing for Brownian and thermophoresis is a factor. Furthermore, activation energy and Lewis factors, respectively, have a reversed impact on the concentration field.
The applications of nanofluids (NFs) have been comprehensively explored in current years, as they have abundant potential for technical progress and more prominently offer assistances that can be associated with the applications of NFs for several determinations. Nanotechnology can be applied in various technological fields such as medicine, information technologies, food safety and novel materials. Here, novel properties of entropy generation in a mixed convective magneto flow of a Sutterby nanomaterial to an extended surface is scrutinized. Nanofluid model comprises Brownian motion and thermophoresis aspects. The expression of energy depends upon the phenomenon of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. We formulated the Bejan number and entropy generation. To reduce PDEs into nonlinear ODEs, we use transformation of variables and then the resultant system is solved by bvp4c technique. The influence of the parameters involved, such as thermal radiation, chemical reaction parameter, diffusive variable, magnetic parameter, thermophoresis parameter and Schmidt number for temperature, concentration as well as Bejan number, entropy generation are inspected through tables and graphs.
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