The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the deaths of millions of people around the world. The scientific community faces a tough struggle to reduce the effects of this pandemic. Several investigations dealing with different perspectives have been carried out. However, it is not easy to find studies focused on COVID-19 contagion chains. A deep analysis of contagion chains may contribute new findings that can be used to reduce the effects of COVID-19. For example, some interesting chains with specific behaviors could be identified and more in-depth analyses could be performed to investigate the reasons for such behaviors. To represent, validate and analyze the information of contagion chains, we adopted an ontological approach. Ontologies are artificial intelligence techniques that have become widely accepted solutions for the representation of knowledge and corresponding analyses. The semantic representation of information by means of ontologies enables the consistency of the information to be checked, as well as automatic reasoning to infer new knowledge. The ontology was implemented in Ontology Web Language (OWL), which is a formal language based on description logics. This approach could have a special impact on smart cities, which are characterized as using information to enhance the quality of basic services for citizens. In particular, health services could take advantage of this approach to reduce the effects of COVID-19.
The relevance and complexity of software are growing more and more. Hence, it is necessary to create and apply new approaches that contribute to deal with the complexity of software development process. Ensuring the consistency and traceability of the software artefacts are two of the challenges that software engineers face during the development of a complex software. On the other hand, the ontologies are one of the main technologies of the semantic web for representing knowledge. Adopting ontologies to support the modelling and validation in software development projects is a feasible alternative that has been widely discussed. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze some ontology-based approaches which address some of the gaps that can be faced during software development projects. For example, the lack of consistency and traceability of software artefacts.
In the global experience, intelligent transport systems (ITS) are recognized as a general transport ideology for integrating the achievements of telematics in all types of transport activities to solve economic and social problems: reducing accidents, improving the efficiency of public transport and cargo transportation, ensuring overall transport security, and improving environmental performance. Considering the design features of the intelligent transport system (ITS), there is a need to develop requirements for the functional and physical architecture as the main part of the ITS development. The creation of functional and physical architecture touches upon issues such as: the scheme of interaction between subjects and objects of ITS proceeding from the requirements and interests of the customer; the definition of the interaction functions of individual elements and subsystems; structure of software, hardware of information and telecommunication technologies; places and methods of installing such systems; interaction and placement of the ITS element base. In this paper, we offer an overview of the main features of ITS design, and the identification of general regularities in the process of their design.
The article discusses the main contradictions that arise during the transition between the stages of the software system development process. The causes of these contradictions are analyzed. The approaches to the elimination of identified contradictions, in particular, the approach based on the construction of domain-specific models (DSM), are examined. The disadvantages of such solutions based on the DSM approach are described. The substantiation of the relevance of developing a new method for constructing software systems is given.
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