The authors report a case of brain abscess following esophageal dilatation for corrosive stricture in a 23-year-old woman. High fever and neurological findings post dilatation led us to suspect this rare complication, which was confirmed by cranial computed tomography. Prompt treatment with antibiotics and surgical drainage led to a favorable clinical outcome. This serious complication should be kept in mind when long-term treatment of corrosive stricture by repeated esophageal dilatation is planned. Prior cases of brain abscess following esophageal dilatation are reviewed.